HP服务器硬件知识

©2005Hewlett-PackardDevelopmentCompany,L.P.TheinformationcontainedhereinissubjecttochangewithoutnoticeHP小型机基础知识计算机系统组成计算机系统是一个复杂的工作系统，它由硬件系统和软件系统组成。所谓计算机的硬件系统，通俗地说就是构成计算机的看得见摸得着的部件，即构成计算机的硬设备。例如：计算机的主机、显示器、键盘、磁盘驱动器等。计算机基础机构输入系统处理系统输出系统存储系统计算机分类以计算能力进行分类：大型计算机小型计算机微型计算机以处理器分类：个人电脑（PersonalComputer–Intel、AMD）PC服务器(IA32-Xeon)RISC服务器(PA-RISC、Power5)IA64服务器（Intelarchitecture－Itanium）6指令/周期2–4指令/周期1指令/周期并行执行128普通寄存器32普通寄存器8普通寄存器片上计算资源4GB/s2GB/s1GB/sI/O带宽6.4GB/s2–4GB/s1–3GB/sCPU带宽Itanium2-basedhpsystem典型RISC系统典型IA-32系统...torunapplicationsfasterthanIA-32andmorecost-effectivelythanRISC好处:更快的OLTPquickerWebservingfastersecuretransactionsbetterJavaobjectcodeperformance服务器CPU比较increaseperformance小型机中央处理器－CPU主要有以下几种：zPowerPC处理器zSPARC处理器zPA-RISC处理器zMIPS处理器zCOMPAQ的Alpha处理器（hp）zInter与HP合作开发的Itanium处理器CPU的三个关键参数：„主频（CPU的时钟频率）„处理器缓存„字长（CPU一次运算所能处理的二进制位数）操作系统Unix系统遵循AT&TSystemV和BSD规范。POSIX标准Linux系统Linux是一套免费使用和自由传播的类Unix操作系统Windows系统Microsoft公司推出。前身DOS系统（单机版UNIX）WindowsServer2003共有StandardEdition（标准版）、EnterpriseEdition（企业版）、DatacenterEdition（数据中心版）、WebEdition（网络版）四个版本，每个版本均有32位和64位两种编码。Netware系统Netware是NOVELL公司推出的网络操作系统HP小型机处理器发展Performance199219961997199819992001PA7100PA7200PA7300PA8000PA8200PA8700PA8600PA8500ItaniumItanium2=HP/IntelIPFprocessors=HPPARISCprocessors操作系统发展Features/Performance199720002002200411.22/11iv1.6=IPFbasedHP-UX(64-bitonly)=IPFandPARISCbasedHP-UX(64-bitonly)11.20/11iv1.5199819992001200311.0011.11/11iv1.0BinaryCompatibility11.23/11iv2.0Source:=PARISCbasedHP-UX(32-bitor64-bit)2005?11.31/11iv3.0?2006HP小型机硬件产品rpSeriesServersandSuperdomeServersrxIntegritySeriesServersandIntegritySuperdomeServersB/C/JSeriesWorkstationszxSeriesWorkstationsPA-RISCIPFServers(800s)Workstations(700s)硬件知识EveryrecentHP-UXsystemhasseveralhardwarecomponents:•OneormorePA-RISCorItaniumCPUchipsforprocessingdata•Oneormorememorymodulesforstoringdata•OneormoreSystem/LocalBusAdaptersthatprovideconnectivitytoI/Oexpansionbuses•OneormorePCII/Oexpansionbuseswithslotsforadd-onDeviceAdaptercards•OneormoreDeviceAdaptercardswithportsforcablingperipheraldevices•OneormoreCoreI/Ocardswithbuilt-inLAN,console,andbootdiskconnectivityCPU/MemorySBALBALBAPCIBusDeviceAdapterCoreI/OLANSCSISerialPCIBusDeviceAdapterCPU,内存,和单元板（CellBoards）Processor-basedsystems•HP-UXworkstationsandlow-endserversuseaprocessor-basedarchitecture•CPUandmemoryarephysicallyhostedonasinglesystemboardCell-basedsystems•High-endHP-UXserversuseacellbasedarchitecture•Eachsystemiscomprisedofoneormorecellboards•EachcellboardcontainsoneormoreCPUs,andaportionofthesystem’smemory•AllcellboardsareinterconnectedvialowlatencysystemcrossbarsCPU/MemorySBALBALBAPCIBusDeviceAdapterCoreI/OLANSCSISerialPCIBusDeviceAdapter系统总线适配器,局域总线适配器,PCI扩展总线CPU/MemorySBALBALBAPCIBusDeviceAdapterCoreI/OLANSCSISerialPCIBusDeviceAdapter•SystemandLocalBusAdaptersprovideconnectivitytoI/Oexpansionbuses•PCIbusesprovideoneormoreslotsfordeviceadaptercards•HPsupportsavarietyofPCIbustypesandbandwidthsupto~1GB/sec•AllcurrentHPPCIslotssupport“adaptivesignalingtechnology”formaximumflexibility•MostHPPCIslotshavededicatedbusestominimizedowntimeandmaximizeperformance•PCIbusesonhigh-endserverssupportHP’s“OnlineAddition&Replacement”functionality设备接口卡CPU/MemorySBALBALBAPCIBusDeviceAdapterCoreI/OLANSCSISerialPCIBusDeviceAdapterInterfaceTypeTypicalUsageSCSIFibreChannel10/100BaseT10/100/1000BaseT1000BaseSX,FDDIATM,X.25Disks,Tapes,CDROMsTapeLibraries,DiskArraysLANConnectivityHighSpeedLANConnectivityHighSpeedFiberOpticLANConnectivityWANConnectivity•Deviceadapters/interfacecardsprovideconnectivitytoadditionaldevices•HPoffersavarietyofinterfacecardtypestosupportavarietyofdevices:核心I/O板CPU/MemorySBALBALBAPCIBusDeviceAdapterCoreI/OLANSCSISerialPCIBusDeviceAdapterInterfaceTypeTypicalUsageSCSI10/100BaseTSerialParallel*USB/PS2*Audio*Bootdisk,tape,andDVDconnectivityLANconnectivitySerialterminal/modemconnectivityPrinters&ScannersKeyboards&MiceSpeakers&Headphones*Workstationsonly•AllHPserversandworkstationsincludeatleastoneCoreI/Ocard•CoreI/OcardsprovidemultiplecoreDeviceAdapter“functions”onasinglecard•SampleDeviceAdaptersfoundonmanycurrentcoreI/Ocardsinclude:SCSI设备概念和地址SCSIcardTerminator#ioscanH/WPathClassDescription==========================================0/0/0/2ext_busFW-SCSIInterface0/0/0/2/0.0.0tapeHPDDSTape0/0/0/2/0.2.0diskHPDVDROM0/0/0/2/0.5.0diskHPDisk0/0/0/2/0.6.0diskHPDisk0/0/0/2/0.7.0sctlInitiator0/0/0/2/0.5.0LogicalUnitNumberSCSITargetAddressInterfaceCardAddress65207–完全的软硬件隔离–多操作系统–硬件电气隔离–完全的软件隔离–多操作系统–软件隔离–多操作系统–动态资源调整–动态资源调整–单一操作系统独立单机(可组合成集群)硬分区虚拟分区(软分区)微分区(新!)资源分区hyperplexnPartitionsvirtualpartitions&virtualmachine•PRM(processresourcemanager)/P