2011-罗宾斯-管理学-11版-英文PPT-13

•Definegroupsandthestagesofgroupdevelopment•Describethemajorcomponentsthatdeterminegroupperformanceandsatisfaction•Defineteamsandbestpracticesinfluencingteamperformance•DiscusscontemporaryissuesinmanagingteamsGroup-twoormoreinteractingandinterdependentindividualswhocometogethertoachievespecificgoals.FormalgroupsWorkgroupsdefinedbytheorganization’sstructurethathavedesignatedworkassignmentsandtasksInformalgroupsGroupsthatareindependentlyformedtomeetthesocialneedsoftheirmembersFormingstage-thefirststageofgroupdevelopmentinwhichpeoplejointhegroupandthendefinethegroup’spurpose,structure,andleadershipStormingstage-thesecondstageofgroupdevelopment,characterizedbyintragroupconflictNormingstage-thethirdstageofgroupdevelopment,characterizedbycloserelationshipsandcohesiveness.Performingstage-thefourthstageofgroupdevelopmentwhenthegroupisfullyfunctionalandworksongrouptask.Adjourning-thefinalstageofgroupdevelopmentfortemporarygroupsduringwhichgroupmembersareconcernedwithwrappingupactivitiesratherthantaskperformance.Role-behaviorpatternsexpectedofsomeoneoccupyingagivenpositioninasocialunit.Norms-standardsorexpectationsthatareacceptedandsharedbyagroup’smembers.Groupthink-whenagroupexertsextensivepressureonanindividualtoalignhisorheropinionwiththatofothers.Status-aprestigegrading,position,orrankwithinagroup.Socialloafing-thetendencyforindividualstoexpendlesseffortwhenworkingcollectivelythanwhenworkingindividually.Groupcohesiveness-thedegreetowhichgroupmembersareattractedtooneanotherandsharethegroup’sgoals.Conflict-perceivedincompatibledifferencesthatresultininterferenceoropposition.Traditionalviewofconflict-theviewthatallconflictisbadandmustbeavoided.Humanrelationsviewofconflict-theviewthatconflictisanaturalandinevitableoutcomeinanygroupInter-actionistviewofconflict-theviewthatsomeconflictisnecessaryforagrouptoperformeffectively.Functionalconflicts-conflictsthatsupportagroup’sgoalsandimproveitsperformance.Dysfunctionalconflicts-conflictsthatpreventagroupfromachievingitsgoals.Taskconflict-conflictsovercontentandgoalsofthework.Relationshipconflict-conflictbasedoninterpersonalrelationships.Processconflict-conflictoverhowworkgetsdone.Workteams-groupswhosemembersworkintenselyonaspecific,commongoalusingtheirpositivesynergy,individualandmutualaccountability,andcomplementaryskills.Problem-solvingteam-ateamfromthesamedepartmentorfunctionalareathat’sinvolvedineffortstoimproveworkactivitiesortosolvespecificproblems.Self-managedworkteam-atypeofworkteamthatoperateswithoutamanagerandisresponsibleforacompleteworkprocessorsegment.Cross-functionalteam-aworkteamcomposedofindividualsfromvariousfunctionalspecialties.Virtualteam-atypeofworkteamthatusestechnologytolinkphysicallydispersedmembersinordertoachieveacommongoal.Teamsoutperformindividuals.Teamsprovideawaytobetteruseemployeetalents.Teamsaremoreflexibleandresponsive.Teamscanbequicklyassembled,deployed,refocused,anddisbanded.HaveaclearunderstandingoftheirgoalsHavecompetentmemberswithrelevanttechnicalandinterpersonalskillsExhibithighmutualtrustinthecharacterandintegrityoftheirmembersAreunifiedintheircommitmenttoteamgoalsHavegoodcommunicationsystemsPossesseffectivenegotiatingskillsHaveappropriateleadershipHavebothinternallyandexternallysupportiveenvironmentsSocialNetworkThepatternsofinformalconnectionsamongindividualswithingroups.TheImportanceofSocialNetworksRelationshipscanhelporhinderteameffectiveness.Relationshipsimproveteamgoalattainmentandincreasemembercommitmenttotheteam.TermstoKnow•group•formingstage•stormingstage•normingstage•performingstage•adjourningstage•role•norms•groupthink•status•socialloafing•groupcohesiveness•conflict•traditionalviewofconflict•humanrelationsviewofconflict•interactionistviewofconflict•functionalconflicts•dysfunctionalconflicts•taskconflict•relationshipconflict•processconflict•workteams•problem-solvingteam•self-managedworkteam•cross-functionalteam•virtualteam•socialnetworkstructure