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动词不定式（TheInfinitive）初三英语总复习1、动词不定式的结构形式动词不定式通常由不定式符号to+动词原形构成。不带to的不定式便与动词原形同形。否定式为not或never+to+动词原形或not或never+动词原形1)Helikestoreadnovels.2)Isawhimcome.3)Wedecidednottobuythathouse.4)Shewishednevertoseehimagain5)Pleaselethimnotgothere.不定式不带“时间”的标记，也不受主语“人称”和“数”的制约，但有“体”、“态”的形态变化，以动词write为例，如一般形式：（towrite），完成体形式（tohavewritten），被动态（tobewritten）Eg:1)Theproblemtohavebeendiscussedatthemeetingisveryhard.2)Therearetwentymoretreestobeplanted.1、不定式的特点：动词不定式可以充当的句子成分1、作主语2、作宾语3、作宾语补足语4、作表语5、作定语6、作状语一、作主语：1.作主语多用在谚语中Toseeistobelieve.Tosayiseasy,todoishard.作主语的动词不定式常常为it替代，而将它放在后面。2.It+be+n(forsb)todosth.ItismydutytohelpyouwithyourEnglish.Itistimetohavesports.疑问词What/which/whether/howetc.+todosth.也可作主语Whenandwheretohavethemeetingisstillunknown.3.It+be+adjfor/ofsbtodosth.用介词for的形容词多为描述不定式行为的特征（easy/hard/important/necessary/interestingetc.）用介词of的形容词多为描述逻辑主语的思想品质（kind/nice/friendly/wise/foolish/careless/right/cleveretc.）1)ItiseasyformetolearnEnglishwell.2)Itisfoolishofhimtomeetheragain.4.Ittakessbsometime/moneytodosth.1)Ittakesushourstofinishourhomeworkeveryday.1、Itisnecessary______ustolearntowait.(of/for)2、Itwascareless______metobreakthecup.（of/for)3、Ittookthem1,000yuan_________thistable.(buy)4、Where_______thecornerisadifficultproblem.(turn)5、Whether_______therehasn’tbeendecided.(go)6、轮到我们打扫教室了。7、Tosavetimeistolengthenlife.（翻译成中文）tobuyforoftoturntogoIt’sourturntocleantheclassroom.节省时间就是延长生命。a.谓语动词+todosth此类谓语动词多办表示“意愿”、“企图”等如：want/wish/ask/like/wouldlike/love/wouldlove/hope/plan/try/decide/get/learn/need/agree/choose/begin/start/forget/remember/manage/seem/refuse/expect/afford/begetc.1、Ihopetofinishittomorrow.2、Shechosetogoandteachinthecountrysideb.谓语动词+疑问词+todosth如：tell/show/teach/ask/advise+wh-及howtodosth1、Idon’tknowwhattodonext.2、Shecan’tdecidewhichbooktobuy二、作宾语c.谓语动词+it(形式宾语)+宾补（adj）+todosth此类动词通常是使役动词或表“判断”的动词，如：make/feel/think/find等Hefeelsitdifficulttomakewhathewants.练习1、Don’tforget___________________.(叫他来）2、Ihappened_________whenhecalledme.（出去）3、Idon’tlike_______________.(打扰别人）4、Samislearning__________________.(怎样开车）5、Ifound___hard_________________.(学好英语难）toaskhimtocometogoouttotroubleothershowtodriveacarittolearnEnglishwella.谓语动词+宾语（sb/sth)+todosth此类谓语动词多为表命令、忠告如：help/want/wish/like/ask/tell/teach/order/allow/advise/get1、Theteacheraskedhertoanswerthequestion.2、Thedoctoradvisedmetohaveagoodrest.b.谓语动词+宾语+不带to的不定式此类谓语动词多为感觉动词，使役动词，或表示心理状态的动词。如：feel/see/hear/watch/notice/lookat/listento/let/make/haveetc.1、Johnmadehertellhimeverything.(主动）2、Shewasmadetotellhimeverything.（被动）三、作宾补1、Wefeelthetrain_______.(move/tomove)2、Doyoulikelisteningtootherpeople______?(talk/talking/totalk)3、Jimwasseen________theroom.(enter/toenter)4、Pleasetellher_________atonce.(go/nottogo)5、I’llhelpyou_________thisproblem.(tosolve/solve)6、Iwishyoutostaywithus.(改成复合句）7、Herstorymadeuslaugh.(改成被动句）movetalktoenter(to)solveIwishyouwillstaywithus.Weweremadetolaughbyherstory.nottogoa.S+be+todosth此类主语多为duty/wish/hope/idea/plan/mistake/dream/work/job等名词1、Mywishwastobeasinger.2、Anotherproblemiswheretostopthecar.b.谚语中：Todosth+be+todosth1、Tomentionthewolf’snameistoseethesame.2、Toknoweverythingistoknownothing.四、作表语放在被修饰词的后面，与被修饰词有动宾关系或主谓关系。不定式为不及物动词时后面应有必要的介词。1、Ihavealotofworktodo.2、Myteacherisalwaysthefirsttocometoschoolandthelasttoleave.3、Hehasn’tahousetolivein.4、Ihavenopenstowritewith.五、作定语a.作原因状语S+be+adj(表情感)+todosth(happy/gladangry/sorry/sad/afraidetc.)I’msorrytohearthat.I’mgladtoseeyou.b.作目的状语InordertolearnEnglishwell,sheworksveryhard.Thesoldierranintotheroomtosavethelittlegirlc.作结果状语too+adj/adv+todosth.n/adj/advenoughtodosthYouaretooyongtodothisjob.Heranfastenoughtocatchthebus.六、作状语AllIdidwastogivehimsomeadvice.Hisdreamistotravelallovertheworld.Lucyneedsafriendtoplaywith.Hewasthelastguesttoarrive.Thisisthebestbooktoread.HewassurprisedtoseeyouHegotupearlysoastocatchthefirstbus.Theyrantooslowlytocatchupwithus.Thehallisnotbigenoughtohold5,000people.下列不定式作何种成分：（表语）（表语）（定语）（定语）（定语）（状语）（状语）（状语）（状语）动词不定式的注意点：1．begin/start/hate/like/love/plan/prefer，etc.Vt.+todosth.和Vt.+doing意义相同2．但forget/remember/goon/stop/try,etcVt.+todosth.和Vt.+doing意义不相同3．Mind/enjoy/finish/giveup/keep/miss/practise,etc.只能用Vt.+doing4.介词to与不定式to的区别beusedto习惯于thanksto由于,多亏preferto比较makeacontributionto为…作贡献writeto写信给accordingto根据