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SubjunctiveMood虚拟语气条件从句If从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在过去未来过去式(were)haddonewould/could/should/might+V(原)would/could/should/might+havedone1.过去式2.should+V.(原)3.weretodowould/could/should/might+V.(原)一.虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。虚拟语气★Ifitwerenotraining,weshouldgoforapicnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。★Ifhecamehere,hemightbeabletohelpyou.如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。★Shewouldhavegonetothepartyifshehadbeeninvited.要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加这次聚会了。★Ifshehadn'tcalledme,Iwouldhaveoversleptthismorning.今天早上，她要是不叫我的话，我就会睡过头了。★IfIweretobetwentyyearsoldnextyear,IwouldtakethecourseofFrench.明年我要是二十岁，我就会学法语。★Ifitshouldfail,Iwouldtryagain.要是失败了，我会再试一次。二.虚拟语气特殊句型:1.wish的宾语从句现在:过去时（were）过去:过去完成时(haddone)未来:would/could/might+V.(原)should•IwishIweretenyearsyoungernow.•IwishIhadmethimyesterday.•IwishIwouldbeascientist.2.wouldratherthat现在:过去:未来:★Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.★IwouldratherIhadn’tcomeyesterday.★Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.过去时过去时过去完成时3.asif/though+从句现在：过去：过去时过去完成时★Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.★Irememberthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday.★Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.★Helooksasifheweredrunk.4.It’s(about/high)time+that过去时(were)Should(不省)+V.你该走了。It’shightimethatyouwent.It’shightimethatyouweregoing.It’shightimethatyoushouldgo.我们该去睡觉了。It’stimethatwewenttobed.It’stimethatweshouldgotobed.5.表示要求,命令,建议的虚拟语气。使用should+动词原形,或者将should省略。宾语从句中常见动词:一个坚持,两个命令,三个建议,四个要求。即1).insist2).order,command3).advise,suggest,propose4).demand,require,request,askIsuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere.注意:如suggest,insist不表示“建议”或“坚持要某人做某事时”,即它们用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时,宾语从句用陈述语气。以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句,表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气,从句中的动词形式一样。(should+动词原形)order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request6.It’snecessary/strange/natural/important/pity/nowonder/impossible+that从句，从句中的动词要用虚拟,即(should)+动词原形★Itisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.★Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty.★It’snecessarythatweshouldstudyhard.7.虚拟语气用于Ifonly引导的感叹句中,“要是。。。就好了”IfonlyIwereaflyingbird!=HowIwishIwereaflyingbird!IfonlyIhadseenthefilm!=HowIwishIhadseenthefilm!8.在含有Ifitwerenotfor或Ifithadnotbeenfor条件句的虚拟语气中。•Ifitwerenotfortherain,thecropswoulddie.•Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.=Butforyourhelp…=Withoutyourhelp…=Haditnotbeenforyourhelp,…•9.混合型的条件句当条件从句与主句所表的时间不一致时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互呼应，这种条件句叫混合条件句。较多见的混合型条件句是从句用过去完成时（指过去行为），而主句用一般时（指目前状态）。★Hewouldpassthetestifhehadtakenmyadvice．如果他听了我的劝告，他现在会通过考试。★IfIhadspokentohimyesterday,Ishouldknowwhattodonow.假如昨天我对他说了，现在我就知道该怎么办了。★IfIwereyou,Iwouldnothavebrokentheglass.假如我是你，我当时就不会打破那杯子。10.连词if的省略如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were，had和should时，可省略if，把were，had和should放到从句主语前面去，多见于书面语。★Hadyounothelpedme，Ishouldhavefailed.要是没有你的帮助，我就失败了。★Wereyouinmyposition,youwoulddothesame.假如你处在我的地位，你也会这样干的。★Shouldtheyattackus,we’llwipethemoutcompletely.假如他们进攻我们，我们就把他们彻底消灭干净。