2018届高考英语二轮复习-第一讲-慧眼识“时”“态”-动词时态和语态讲义

语法填空解题技法面面观技巧一慧眼识别标志词1．(2017·课标Ⅲ)MydadthinksIshouldtaketheoffernow.Butatthemoment，school________(come)first.分析：comes由时间状语atthemoment可知，这里是指现在发生的事情，因此用一般现在时。2．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Thiscycle________(go)dayafterday:Thewallswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandthusalwaysatimelyoffset(抵消)fortheoutsidetemperatures.分析：goes根据标志词dayafterday日复一日，表示经常性动作，故此处用一般现在时。3．(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)In1969,thepollutionwasterriblealongtheCuyahogaRivernearCleveland,Ohio.It________(be)unimaginablethatitcouldeverbecleanedup.分析：was根据上文时间标志词1969，可知这件事发生在过去，故用一般过去时。4．(2017·浙江台州期末考试)We________(reduce)emissionofairpollutantsinrecentyears,butcarsarestillmajorsourceofthem.分析：havereduced/havebeenreducing由句中的时间状语inrecentyears可知，应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。技巧二平行谓语做参考5．(2017·浙江6月)Pahlssonandherhusband________(search)thekitchen,checkingeverycorner,butturnedupnothing.分析：searchedbut为并列连词，根据but后的turnedupnothing可知，search的动作发生在过去，所以填searched。6．(2017·聊城检测)Playingfootballnotonlymakesusgrowuptallandstrongbutalso________(give)usasenseoffairplayandteamspirit.分析：gives考查时态。notonly...butalso连接两个平行结构，因此所填动词与makes一致，故填gives。7．(2017·陕西检测)Whenfacingtheother­orsituation,Ismiledand________(decide)totrustmyheart.分析：decidedand连接两个并列谓语，故decided与smiled并列。技巧三主从时态须呼应8．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand________(be)tooviolentforuseatthetable.分析：werebelieved后接宾语从句，宾语从句由and连接两个并列谓语，主句用了一般过去时，从句也要用相应的过去时，又因主语是knives，故填were。9．(2017·泰安检测)MrWhite________(teach)inourschoolfornearlyfortyyearsbeforeheretiredlastmonth.分析：hadtaughtbefore“在……之前”，从句用一般过去时，主句动作先于从句谓语动词发生，故用过去完成时。技巧四细心体会辨语境10．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Fastfood________(be)fulloffatandsalt；byeatingmorefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.分析：is此处表示客观事实，应用一般现在时，food为不可数名词，故填is。11．(2016·浙江)Whileonlineshopping________(change)ourlife,notallofitseffectshavebeenpositive.分析：haschanged主语是onlineshopping，结合语境以及后面的havebeen可知，这里要用现在完成时。技巧五固定句式要记牢12．(2017·天津)I________(drive)downtoLondonwhenIsuddenlyfoundthatIwasonthewrongroad.分析：wasdriving此处是bedoing...when...结构，意为“正在做……，这时(突然)……”。由从句的谓语动词found可知，主句应用过去进行时。13．(2017·沈阳监测一)ThiswasthefirsttimeI________(experience)sandstormsandIdon'teverwanttobeinoneagain.分析：hadexperienced考查动词的时态，This/That/It＋was＋first(second...)time＋that从句中用过去完成时。根据“Thiswasthefirsttime”可知，从句用过去完成时。14．(2017·梧州一模)Isaytohimwithacheerfulsmile,“Gotoexerciseandyou________(feel)better.”分析：willfeel此题考查时态，祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句，陈述句用一般将来时。短文改错设题角度类类通类型一动词时态和时间状语不一致1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Whensummercame，theywillinvitetheirstudentstopickthefreshvegetables!________________分析：came→comes主句为一般将来时，时间状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来；summer为可数名词单数，故用comes。2．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Ihadgrownnotonlyphysically，butalsomentallyinthepastfewyears.________________分析：had→have由时间状语inthepastfewyears可知，此处应用现在完成时。3．(2017·湖北八校第一次联考)Butyesterdaywehaveanargumentaboutthefootballclubs.________________分析：have改为had考查动词的时态。根据该句中的时间状语yesterday可知，该句应用一般过去时，故动词用过去式。类型二并列动词形式不一致4．(2017·湖北武汉武昌区高三1月调考)Finally,Iworkharderthaneverandmadegreatprogressinmymath.________________分析：work→worked由后面的made可知，此处讲述的是过去的事情，故用一般过去时。5．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Awomansawhimcryingandtellinghimtowaitoutsidetheshop.________________分析：telling→toldtelling和saw是并列关系，故形式需要和saw保持一致。6．(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)Wecanlieonthegrassforarest,orsatbythelakelisteningtomusic.________________分析：sat→sitsat和前面的lie是并列关系，故形式需要和lie保持一致。类型三时态、语态混用7．(2017·安徽师大附中高三阶段性测试)Thismorning,Igotanemailfromthelibrary.ItsaidthebookIreservedwasreadytobepickingup.________________分析：picking→picked考查动词语态。根据语境可知，pickup和句子主语book构成动宾关系，故用被动式。8．(2015·课标Ⅰ)Lotsofstudieshavebeenshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaveryseriousproblem.________________分析：去掉beenstudies与show之间为主动关系，不需要用被动语态。9．(2017·课标Ⅲ)Aboutonemonthafterthisphotowastook,Ienteredmysecondyearofhighschoolandbecomeanewmemberoftheschoolmusicclub.________________分析：took→taken；become→became本句中有两处错误，thisphoto和take之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，所以be动词后应用过去分词；句中and连接两个并列的成分，形式应保持一致，由entered可知，become应改为became。答题必备关键点考点一时态高频考点——一般现在时，一般过去时，现在完成时1．(2017·北京)People________(have)betteraccesstohealthcarethantheyusedto，andthey'relivinglongerasaresult.分析：have这里讲述的是一个客观事实，应用一般现在时。主语是表示复数意义的people，故填have。2．(2016·四川)BothDadandIplannedtodosomethingonMother'sDay.Wegetupearlyinthemorning.________________分析：get→got根据上句中的planned可知，事情发生在过去，故应用一般过去时。3．(2017·浙江金华十校9月模拟)Doctorsandscientists________(learn)agreatdealaboutsleepinthelastthirtyyears.分析：havelearned根据inthelastthirtyyears可知，本句应用现在完成时。1．一般现在时的用法表示经常性或习惯性动作、客观事实或存在的状态要想到用一般现在时；①Asweallknow,thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.众所周知，太阳东方升起西方落下。②Itisalwayscrowdedwithcustomersatmealtimes.Somepeopleevenhavetowaitoutside.吃饭时间顾客很多，一些人甚至必须在外面等。2．一般过去时的用法(1)表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态要想到用一般过去时；WhenIwasatschool,IoftenwenttothecinemaonSundays.我上学时，周日经常去看电影。(2)常见句型①It'shightimethat...“早该……了”。Itistimethatsb.didsth.“该……了”。②Itis＋一段时间since...didsth...Itistimethatwetookactiontoprotectourenvironment.该到我们采取措施保护环境的时候了。Itis/hasbeenthreeyearssincehejoinedthearmy.他参军3年了。3．现在完成时(1)表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其产生的影响或结果现在还存在；或持续到现在的动作或状态要想到用现在完成时；Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourcityinthepasttenyears.在过去的10年中我们的城市发生了很大变化。(2)固定句式中①It/This/Thatisthefirst/second...timetha