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NCE-2NewConceptEnglishLesson4AnexcitingtripNCE-2NewConceptEnglishDoyouliketraveling?Wherehaveyoubeen?I.Keywordsexciting,receive,firm,different…II.KeystructuresThepresentperfectsimple现在完成时keypoints1.HowlonghasTimbeeninAustralia?Listenandanswerthequestion.NewLessonTimhasbeeninAustraliaforsixmonths.2.WhatdoeshedoinAustralia?Heisworkingforabigfirmasanengineer.3.WhyisTimfindingthetripexciting?BecauseTimhasneverbeenabroadbefore.Thisishisfirsttripabroad.NewwordsandexpressionsLanguagepoints1.Ihavejustreceivedaletterfrommybrother.收到某人来信2.Heisworkingforabigfirm.getaletterfromsb.havealetterfromsb.hearfromsb.在…上班、任职,还可以用workat/ine.g.Myfatherworksforabusinesscompany.3.hehasalreadyvisitedagreatnumberofdifferentplacesinAustralia.anumberof+可数名词的复数，number前一般可用large,great,small等形容词强调数量大小。thenumberof+名词复数，但动词用第三人称单数thenumberof……的数量Thenumberoftheapplesis40苹果的数量是40Languagepoints4.HehasjustboughtanAustraliancarandhasgonetoAlicesprings.Hehasgonetothesouth.(还在)Hehasbeentothesouth.(去过)5.Heisfindingthistripveryexciting.find+n+adj.觉得…怎么样e.g.Ifindthefilmboring.Doyoufindthebookveryinteresting?ListenandfollowSummarywritingAnswerthesequestionsinnotmorethan50words.1.Whathasthewriterjustreceivedfromhisbrother?2.IsTimanengineer,orisheadoctor?3.HowlonghashebeeninAustralia?4.Hashealreadyvisitedmanyplacesornot?5.Whereishenow?6.HasTimeverbeenabroadbeforeornot?7.Isheenjoyinghistripverymuchornot?SummarywritingThewriterhasjustreceivedaletterfromhisbrother,Tim.Timisanengineer.HehasbeeninAustraliaforsixmonths.Hehasalreadyvisitedmanyplaces.NowheisinAliceSprings.Timhasneverbeenabroadbefore.Heisenjoyinghistripverymuch.现在完成时态Winterhasalreadycome.Grammar现在完成时的构成形式havedonehas助动词过去分词Grammar用来表示动作或状态发生在过去,但它的影响现在还存在。Theyhaveleft.--他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里Ihavehadmylunch.--我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿现在完成时的含义也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。HehaslearnedEnglishsince2001.--从2001年开始学的,现在还在继续学着呢现在完成时1.过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。2.过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态动词构成：have/has+v过去分词hadbreakfastIhavejusthadmybreakfast.(现在我不饿)I’mnothungrynowmovedherein2000IstilllivehereIhavelivedhereforthreeyears.Ihavelivedheresince2000/threeyearsago.now1.用法sumup一、现在完成时1)构成肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其它否定句：主语+have/hasnot+过去分词+其它疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其它HehasbeentoAustralia.HehasnotbeentoAustralia.HashebeentoAustralia?nowpastfuture一般过去时一般过去时表示的是纯粹在过去发生的事情现在完成时表示的是在过去某个时间开始并持续到现在的动作/状态,或者发生在过去却对现在造成的影响Grammar现在完成时与一般过去时的比较1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。Isawthisfilmyesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。）Ihaveseenthisfilm.(强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）参考译文•我刚刚收到弟弟蒂姆的来信，他正在澳大利亚。他在那儿已经住了6个月了。蒂姆是个工程师，正在为一家大公司工作，并且已经去过澳大利亚的不少地方了。他刚买了一辆澳大利亚小汽车，现在去了澳大利亚中部的小镇艾利斯斯普林斯。他不久还将到达尔文去，从那里，他再飞往珀斯。我弟弟以前从未出过国，因此，他觉得这次旅行非常激动人心。2一般过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用;现在完成时通常与模糊时间状语连用或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday,lastweek，…ago,in1990,inOctober,justnow,…--具体的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语:for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inthepastfewyears,recently,…--模糊的时间状语句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday,last,week,in1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时错Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.对Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.Grammar3现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried等。ShejoinedtheLeaguethreeyearsago.(加入的动作不是延续的)ShehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears(sincethreeyearsago).(在团内的状态可延续)ShehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears(sincethreeyearsago).(是团员的状态可持续)Grammar1.英语延续动词与非延续动词的转换2.动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。3.一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。4.表示时间段的短语有:for+一段时间,for2years;since从句,sincehecamehere;since+时间点名词,sincelastyear,since5daysago;howlong;foralongtime等。5.例:Hehaslivedherefor6years.6.Youcankeepthebookfor5days.7.Istayedtherefor2weekslastyear.8.Howlongdidyoustaytherelastyear?•二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如:open,die,close,begin,finish,come,go,move,borrow,lend,buy等。非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：twoyearsago;at5o'clock;•例:Hedied5yearsago.•否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。•例:Ihaven'tleftherefor3years.•Ihaven'theardfromhimfor3weeks.•三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：•leave---beaway,borrow---keep,buy---have,•begin/start---beon,die---bedead,•finish---beover,join---bein+组织机构,•beamemberof+组织机构,opensth---keepsthopen,•fallill---beill,getup---beup,catchacold---haveacold,•comehere---behere,gothere---bethere,become---be,•comeback---beback,fallasleep---beasleep,•getto/arrive/reach---be(in),leave---beawayfrom,•gettoknow---know,go(get)out→beout，puton→wear；•catchacold→haveacold等。•例:Theoldmandied4yearsago.•---Theoldmanhasbeendeadfor4years.•----Itis4yearssincetheoldmandied.•----Fouryearshaspassedsincetheoldmandied.•HejoinedtheParty2yearsago.•-----HehasbeeninthePartyfor2years.•Iboughtthebook5daysago.•----Ihavehadthebookfor5days.延续动词表示经验、经历；瞬间动词表示行为的结果,不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。比较延续动词与瞬间动词Hehasfinishedthework.他已完成了那项工作。(表结果)I’veknownhimsincethen.我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)Grammarsince用来说明动作起始时间—“自从……”for用来说明动作延续时间长度—“长达……”Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.Myaunthasworkedinacompanysince1949.Ihavenotheardfrommyuncleforalongtime.比较since和for并非有for作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成