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Aircraft•WhatisAircraft？•AircraftAircraftAircraftAircraftarevehicleswhichareabletoflybygainingsupportfromtheair,oringeneral,theatmosphereofaplanet.•通过空气的反作用，而不是由空气对地面发生的反作用，在大气中取得支撑的飞行器。KiteBalloonairshipglidergyroplanehelicopterAirplane/aeroplane/planeAircraftClassificationAircraftCategories,Class&Types•Whatarethey?–Category(类别)•Usedtohelpdescribeaircraftforcertificationpurposes•FiveCategories–Airplane（固定翼飞机）–Rotorcraft（旋翼机）–Glider（滑翔机）–Lighter-than-Air（轻于空气航空器）–Powered-Lift（有动力飞机）–Class（类型）•Furtherdescribesaircraftinthesame“category”withsimilaroperatingcharacteristics–AirplaneClasses–RotorcraftClasses–Lighter-than-airclasses–Type（机型）•Thebasicmakeandmodelofanaircraft–Boeing747–Eclipse500AircraftclassificationAircraftLighter-than-aircraftHeavier-than-aircraftNon-power-driven:balloonpower-driven:airshipfreeballoonTetheredballoon(captiveballoon)rigidairshipSemirigidairshipNonrigidairshipnon-power-drivengliderkitepower-drivenairplaneRotorcraft(旋翼机)gyroplanehelicopterflappingwingaircraft/ornithopter（扑翼机）Airplane飞机•Airplane/aircraftclassification•Airplane/aircraftcomponentsAirplaneclassificationAirplaneSingle-engine-landairplaneSingle-engine-seaairplaneMultiengine-landairplaneMultiengine–seaairplaneFunctionandnumberofenginesAirplaneclassificationAirplanemonoplanebiplaneNumberofwingsOtherclassification•Heavy/medium/lightairplane•Widebody/narrowbodyairplane•long-range/medium-range/short-rangeairplaneAircraftcomponentsAircraftcomponents•Fuselage•Wings•Empennage•Landinggear•powerplantFuselage•Characteristic:�streamline•Includes�Cockpit/flightdeck�Cabin�Holdwings•Purpose�Providelift�Storefuelwings•TypesWhatelseisonthewing?empennage�Verticalstabilizer�Rudder�Horizontalstabilizer�ElevatorempennageLandinggear/undercarriage•Functions�Supportsaircraft•Park•Taxi•Takeoff•Land�AllowsforaircraftsteeringonthegroundLandingGearTail-wheel-typelandinggearNose-wheel-typelandinggearLandinggear•Components�struts�Tires�brakesLandinggearExtendlandinggearRetractlandinggearPropulsion/Powerplant动力装置•Engine�Convertschemicalenergy(fuel)intomechanicalenergywhichturnsthepropellerpowerplant•propeller�ConvertsmechanicalenergyintothrustAirportAirport•Terminal航站楼•Apron停机坪•Runway跑道•Taxiway滑行道•Apronvehicle机坪车辆•Aviationstaff航空人员Terminal航站楼•Landside陆侧�Securitycheck安检�Conveyorbelt（装卸行李）传送带�Carousel旋转式行李传送带�Boardinggate登机口�Broadcast广播•Airside空侧�Movingwalkway自动步道�Lounge候机厅�Jetway/jetbridge/jetty廊桥�Satellite卫星厅Apronparkingarea停机区apron停机坪Gate靠桥机位stand远机位parkingbay停机位nose-inpark机头朝里停机nose-out机头朝外停机Hangar机库Maintenancearea维修区ThresholdThresholdThresholdThresholdRunwaydesignationRunwaydesignationRunwaydesignationRunwaydesignationAimingpointAimingpointAimingpointAimingpointTouchdownzoneTouchdownzoneTouchdownzoneTouchdownzone4.24.24.24.24.24.24.24.2Runway&taxiway•Threshold跑道入口•Runwayshoulder跑道道肩•Touchdownzone接地地带•Stopway/overrun停止道/安全道•Clearway净空道•Link联络道•Fastturnoff/highspeedturnoff快速脱离道Apronvehicles•Passengercoach摆渡车•Follow-mecar引导车•Passengerstairs客梯车•Cateringtruck配餐车•Galleryservicetruck厨房清理车•Lavatoryservicetruck厕所清理车•Waterservicetruck供水车•Luggagetractor行李车•Refueller/tanker加油车•Luggageloader装货车•Tug拖车towbar拖把Cockpitandcabinfirstclasscabin头等舱economyclasscabin（touristclass）经济舱businessclasscabin商务舱•cockpitn.驾驶舱(flightdeck)•cabinn.座舱，客舱Hold/cargocompartment货舱luggagecompartment行李舱Aviationstaff•Pilot•Captain/pilotincommand•Co-pilot/firstofficer•Cabinattendant/flightattendant•airhostess/stewardessn.女乘务员•airhost/stewardn.男乘务员•Purser乘务长Aviationstaffaeronauticalinformationofficer航行情报人员flightengineer/mechanicn.机械师navigatorn.领航员airtrafficcontroller管制员airlinedispatcher签派员•Groundstaff地面工作人员(场务人员)•Aproncontroller机坪管理人员•Maintenancestaff机务人员Let’sdoabriefreview.•轻于空气的航空器•重于空气的航空器•有动力驱动的•无动力驱动的•气球自由气球系留气球•飞艇硬式飞艇半硬式飞艇软式飞艇•飞机直升机滑翔机•机身尾翼起落架•动力装置发动机螺旋桨•驾驶舱客舱货舱•油箱襟翼副翼翼尖•垂直安定面水平安定面•方向舵升降舵调整片•起落架前三点式起落架后三点式起落架•航站楼空侧陆侧•登机口候机厅大厅广播•廊桥远机位机库维修区•跑道滑行道跑道入口接地地带•客梯车配餐车摆渡车引导车•飞行员机长副驾驶•管制员乘务员签派员机械师•座舱驾驶舱货舱行李舱TextbookstudyFourForcesofFlightForcesactingontheairplaneinflightForcesactingontheairplaneinflightForcesactingontheairplaneinflightForcesactingontheairplaneinflightWingplanform•Theshapeorformofawing.Itmaybelongandtapered,shortandrectangular,orvariousothershapes.Chord翼弦•Animaginarystraightlinefromtheleadingedgetothetrailingedgeofacrosssectionofanairfoil.Relativewindrelativewind-relativewind-relativewind-relativewind-thedirectionoftheairflowproducedbyanobjectmovingthroughtheairParallelwiththedirectionofflightOppositetothedirectionofflightTheflightpathdeterminesthedirectionoftherelativewindAngleofattack•TheanglebetweenthechordlineofthewingandthedirectionoftherelativewindchordchordchordchordAngleofattackAngleofattackAngleofattackAngleofattackRelativewindRelativewindRelativewindRelativewindLongitudinalaxisLongitudinalaxisLongitudinalaxisLongitudinalaxisAngleofattackTheangleofattackistheanglebetweenthewingchordandtheflightpath.Theangleofattackisalwaysbasedontheflightpath,notthegroundAngleofIncidenceTheangleformedbythechordlineofthewingandthelongitudinalaxisoftheaeroplane.Itisafixedangleandcannotbechang