英语词性讲解

词类又叫词性，英语单词根据其在句子中的功用，可以分成十个大类。1名词noun2代词pronoun3形容词adjective4副词adverb5动词verb6数词numeral7冠词article8介词preposition9连词conjunction10感叹词interjectionstudentYouhappyquicklycutthreeaatandoh实词虚词名词NOUN概念：是表示人，事物，抽象概念等名称的词。根据词汇意义，名词可划分为：专有名词和普通名词专有名词：指表示人、地方、机构、组织等的专有名称。专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。具体说来它包括人名、国家、地名、月份、星期、节日、书名、电影名以及某些抽象名词等。Tony托尼Japan日本Mr.Black布莱克先生August八月Monday星期一theGreatWall长城Christmas圣诞节English英语ATaleofTwoCities双城记普通名词：表示一类人、东西、抽象概念的名词。例如：表一类人：pupil,police,woman,boy，father;表物：box,tree,orange,water,computer；表抽象：happiness,trouble,pleasure,love,life,etc.普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。(1)个体名词。如：cup,desk,student等。一般可数，有单复数形式。(2)集体名词。如：class,team,family等。一般可数，有单复数形式(3)物质名词。如：rice,water,cotton等。一般不可数，没有单复数之分。(4)抽象名词。如：love,work,life等。一般不可数，没有单复数之分。英语可数名词单复数规则变化：一般情况词尾加s。如：map→maps,boy→boys,horse→horses,table→tables.（在清辅音后读/s/，在浊辅音和元音后读/z/）s,x,sh,ch结尾的词加es.如：class→classes,box→boxes,dish→dishes,match→matches.读/iz/规则变化：以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。如：family→families,city→cities,baby→babies.以元音字母+y结尾的名词，直接词尾加s。如：toy→toys,holiday→holidays以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。如：shelf→shelves,wolf→wolves,life→lives,knife→knives,wife→wives,leaf→leaves,thief→thieves.例外：roof→roofs规则变化：以辅音字母+o结尾的名词,词尾加es；如:tomato→tomatoespotato→potatoeshero→heroes以元音字母+o结尾的名词，直接词尾加s。如:piano→pianosphoto→photosradio→radioszoo→zoos不规则变化：有些名词有不规则的复数形式。例如：child---childrenmouse---miceman—menwoman—women妇女tooth—teethfoot—feet有些名词的单复数形式相同。例如；deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese,people,yuan但除人民币的元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式，adollar,twodollars注意：一些以man，woman结尾的合成词，在构成复数时，与man，woman的变化形式相同。如：policeman→policemen,Englishman→Englishmen,Frenchman→Frenchmen.中日瑞士不变英法变其余s加后面名称总称(谓语用复数)一个人两个人中国人theChineseaChinesetwoChinese瑞士人theSwissaSwisstwoSwiss澳大利亚人theAustraliansanAustraliantwoAustralians俄国人theRussiansaRussiantwoRussians意大利人theItaliansanItaliantwoItalians希腊人theGreekaGreektwoGreeks法国人theFrenchaFrenchmantwoFrenchmen日本人theJapaneseaJapanesetwoJapanese美国人theAmericansanAmericantwoAmericans印度人theIndiansanIndiantwoIndians加拿大人theCanadiansaCanadiantwoCanadians德国人theGermansaGermantwoGermans英国人theEnglishanEnglishmantwoEnglishmen瑞典人theSwedishaSwedetwoSwedes英语不可数名词不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。如：abagofrice→twobagsofrice,apieceofpaper→threepiecesofpaper,abottleofmilk→fivebottlesofmilk.名词的所有格1.不以s结尾的名词所有格：theboy'sbag,men'sroom2.以-s结尾的名词所有格：Teachers'Day3.职业名词、称呼名词的所有格表地点thebarber’s,MrGreen’s,thedoctor’s（office），myuncle’s（house）4.并列名词不共有:John'sandMary'srooms（两间）并列名词共有:JohnandMary'sroom5.时间、距离、地点fiveminutes'walk；tenmeters'long；theworld'spopulation6.抽象名词后用“of+宾格”作定语；themusicofthefilm；thehelpofhim(Lucy)；thedevelopmentofChina；thedoorofthehouse7.多重所有格突出局部afriendofLucy’smother’s；twoclassmatesofmysister's8.“of+宾格”与“of+所有格”含意不同:thephotoofmyfather我爸爸的肖像thephotoofmine我（所有的）照片1.Several_____aretalkingunderthetree．Andtheyare______.A．woman;childrenB．woman;childC．women;children2.—Howfarisyourschoolfromhere？—Notveryfar．It'sabouttwentywalk.（2000杭州）A．minute'sB．minutesC．minutes'3.Therearethreeinmyfamily.(2004长春）A.peopleB.personC.child4.Moststudentscangotocollegeforfurtherinourcity.A.educationB.informationC.science5.Thisisbedroom.Thetwinsisterlikeitverymuch.A.AnnandJaneB.AnnandJane’sC.Ann’sandJane’sCCAABCCAACCABACCA根据所给单词的正确形式填空：1.Differentpeoplemayhavedifferent_____.(idea)2.Ioftengotoworkon.(foot)3.Iknowoneofthe.(boy)4.Mr.Browniswearingapairof.(glass)5.Pleasegivethemtheir.(photo)6.Arethereanyinthebox?(watch)7.Therearetwelveinayear.(month)8.Wouldyoulikesome?(tomato)9.Lookatthoseintheboats!(people)10.Look!Thearesinging.(woman)11.September10thisDay.(teacher)12.Jimhassome.(knife)13.Howmucharethese?(vegetable)14.Myschoolistwenty________walkfromhere.(minute)15.Thegirlunderthetreeisafriendof________.(Lucy)ideasfootboysglassesphotoswatchesmonthstomatoespeoplewomenTeachers’knivesvegetablesminutes’Lucy’sideasfootboysideasfoot根据所给单词的正确形式填空：1.Differentpeoplemayhavedifferent_____.(idea)2.Ioftengotoworkon.(foot)3.Iknowoneofthe.(boy)4.Mr.Browniswearingapairof.(glass)5.Pleasegivethemtheir.(photo)6.Arethereanyinthebox?(watch)7.Therearetwelveinayear.(month)8.Wouldyoulikesome?(tomato)9.Lookatthoseintheboats!(people)10.Look!Thearesinging.(woman)11.September10thisDay.(teacher)12.Jimhassome.(knife)13.Howmucharethese?(vegetable)14.Myschoolistwenty________walkfromhere.(minute)15.Thegirlunderthetreeisafriendof________.(Lucy)boysideasfoot根据所给单词的正确形式填空：1.Differentpeoplemayhavedifferent_____.(idea)2.Ioftengotoworkon.(foot)3.Iknowoneofthe.(boy)4.Mr.Browniswearingapairof.(glass)5.Pleasegivethemtheir.(photo)6.Arethereanyinthebox?(watch)7.Therearetwelveinayear.(month)8.Wouldyoulikesome?(tomato)9.Lookatthoseintheboats!(people)10.Look!Thearesinging.(woman)11.September10thisDay.(teacher)12.Jimhassome.(knife)13.Howmucharethese?(vegetable)14.Myschoolistwenty________walkfromhere.(minute)15.Thegirlunderthetreeisafriendof________.(Lucy)boysideasfoot根据所给单词的正确形式填空：1.Differentpeoplemayhavedifferent_____.(idea)2.Ioftengotoworkon.(foot)3.Iknowoneofthe.(boy)4.Mr.Browniswearingapairof.(glass)5.Pleasegivethemtheir.(photo)6.Arethereanyinthebox?(watch)7.Therearetwelveinayear.(month