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1PassageOneHoweverimportantwemayregardschoollifetobe,thereisnodenying(否认)thefactthatchildrenspendmoretimeathomethanintheclassroom.Therefore,thegreatinfluenceofparentscannotbeignoredbytheteacher.Theycanbecomestronghelptotheschoolpersonnelortheycanconsciouslyorunconsciouslygoagainstthelearningaims.Administratorshavebeenawareoftheneedtokeepparentsinformedofthenewermethodsusedinschools.Manyprincipalshaveconductedlecturesexplainingsuchmatterasthereadingreadinessprogram,manuscriptwritinganddevelopmentalmathematics.Moreover,theclassroomteacher,withthepermissionofthesupervisors,canalsoplayanimportantroleinenlighteningparents.Theinformalteaandthemanyinterviewscarriedonduringtheyear,aswellasnewwaysofreportingpupil′sprogress,cansignificantlyaidinachievingaharmoniousinterplaybetweenschoolandhome.Toillustrate,supposethatafatherhasbeendrillingJuniorinarithmeticprocessesnightafternight.InafriendlyinterIfthefatherfollowstheadvice,itisreasonabletoassumethathewillsoonrealizehissonismakingsatisfactoryprogressinmathematics,andatthesametime,enjoyingthework.Toooften,however,teachers′conferenceswithparentsaredevotedtoprettyaccountsofchildren′smisbehaviors,complaintsaboutlazinessandpoorworkhabits,andsuggestionforpunishmentandrewardsathome.Whatisneededismorecreativeapproachinwhichtheteacher,asaprofessionaladviser,plantsideasinparents′mindsforthebestutilizationofthemanyhoursthatthechildspendsoutoftheclassroom.Inthisway,theschoolandthehomejoinforcesinfosteringthefullestdevelopmentofyoungsters′capacities.(355)1.Thecentralideaexpressedintheabovepassageisthat［A］hometrainingismoreimportantthanschooltrainingbecauseachildspendssomanyhourswithhisparents.［B］teacherscanandshouldhelpparentstounderstandandfurthertheaimsoftheschool.［C］therearemanywaysinwhichthemathematicsprogramcanbeimplementedathome.［D］parentsunconsciouslyhavegoneagainsttheteachingaims.2.Theauthordirectlydiscussesthefactthat［A］parentsdrilltheirchildrentoomuchinarithmetic.［B］principalshaveexplainedthenewartprogramstoparents.［C］afathercanhavehissonhelphimconstructarticlesathome.［D］aparent′smisguidedeffortscanbeproperlydirected.3.Itcanreasonablybeinferredthattheauthor［A］issatisfiedwithpresentrelationshipsbetweenhomeandschool.［B］feelsthatthetraditionalprograminmathematicsisslightlysuperiortothedevelopmentalprogram.［C］［D］isoftheopinionthatteachersofthisgenerationareinferiortothoseofthelastgeneration.4.Theauthorimpliesthat［A］participationininterestingactivitiesrelatingtoasubjectimprovesone′sachievementinthatarea.［B］toomanychildrenarelazyandhavepoorworkhabits.［C］schoolprincipalsdomorethantheirshareininterpretingthecurriculumtotheparents.［D］teachersshouldoccasionallymakehomevisitstoparents.5.Wemayinferthatthewriterofthearticledoesfavor［A］afather′shelpinghissonwiththelatter′sstudies.2［B］writtencommunicationstotheparentsfromtheteacher.［C］havingtheparentsobservelessonswhichthechildrenarebeingtaught.［D］principalparentconferencesratherthanteacherparentconferences.PassageTwoTheimportanceandfocusontheinterviewintheworkoftheprintandbroadcastjournalistisreflectedinseveralbooksthathavebeenwrittenonthetopic.Mostofthesebooks,aswellasseveralchapters,mainlyin,butnotlimitedto,journalismandbroadcastinghandbooksandreportingtexts,stressthe“howto”aspectsofjournalisticinterviewingratherthantheconceptualaspectsoftheinterview,itscontextandimplications.Muchofthe“howto”materialisbasedonpersonalexperiencesandgeneralimpressions.Asweknow,injournalismasinotherfields,muchcanbelearnedfromthesystematicstudyofprofessionalpractice.Suchstudybringstogetherevidencefromwhichbroadgeneralizedprinciplescanbedeveloped.Thereis,ashasbeensuggested,agrowingbodyofresearchliteratureinjournalismandbroadcasting,butverylittlesignificantattentionhasbeendevotedtothestudyoftheinterviewitself.Ontheotherhand,manygeneraltextsaswellasnumerousresearcharticlesoninterviewinginfieldsotherthanjournalismhavebeenwritten.Manyofthesebooksandarticlespresentthetheoreticalandempiricalaspectsoftheinterviewaswellasthetrainingoftheinterviewers.Unhappily,thisplentifulgeneralliteratureaboutinterviewingpayslittleattentiontothejournalisticinterview.Thefactthatthegeneralliteratureoninterviewingdoesnotdealwiththejournalisticinterviewseemstobesurprisingfortworeasons.First,itseemslikelythatmostpeopleinmodernWesternsocietiesaremorefamiliar,atleastinapositivemanner,withjournalisticinterviewingthanwithanyotherformofinterviewing.Mostofusareprobablysomewhatfamiliarwiththeclinicalinterview,suchasthatconductedbyphysiciansandpsychologists.Inthesesituationstheprofessionalpersonorinterviewerisinterestedingettinginformationnecessaryforthediagnosis(诊断)andtreatmentofthepersonseekinghelp.Anotherfamiliarsituationisthejobinterview.However,veryfewofushaveactuallybeeninterviewedpersonallybythemassmedia,particularlybytelevision.Andyet,wehaveavividacquaintancewiththejournalisticinterviewbyvirtueofourrolesasreaders,listeners,andviewers.Evenso,trueunderstandingofthejournalisticinterview,especiallytelevisioninterviews,requiresthoughtfulanalysisandevenstudy,asthisbookindicates.(371)6.The