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定语从句定语从句与引导词定语从句是在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫引导词。引导词包括关系代词和关系副词。引导词关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose,在定语从句中作主语、宾语中表语，whose作定语关系副词：when(指时间)，where(指地点),why(指原因)，在定语从句中作状语。关系代词：指代人的有：who,whom,whose,that，as；指代物的有：that,which,whose。【典型范例】ThemanwhohelpedyouisMr.White.(who代人，在定语从句中作主语)Thatistheperson(whom/who/that)youwanttosee.(whom,who,that代人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略)I’mnotthefool(that)youthoughtmetobe.(that代人，在定从中作表语)Adictionaryisausefulbookwhich(＝that)tellsusthemeaningofwords(which或that代物，在定从中作主语)关系副词有：when(指时间)，where(指地点),why(指原因)，在定语从句中作状语。【典型范例】Wouldyousuggestatime(when)wecanhaveatalk?(when可省略)Thehousewheretheyliveisnotverylarge./Thisisthereasonwhyhedidnotcametothemeeting.注意：不是表时间的先行词都用when引导定从，不是表地点的先行词都用where引导定从。【典型范例】We’llvisitthefactorywhich(＝that)makesradios.(which或that在定从中作主语，where不可用做主语，所以不可用)Theystillrememberthehappydays(which/that)theyspentinBeidaihe.(which或that在定从中作spent的宾语，when不可作宾语，故不可用)定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和主句之间不用逗号分开，修饰主句中的某一个名词或名词词组或代词；非限制性定语从句常用逗号和主句隔开，可以修饰主句中的某一个词，也可修饰整个句子。非限制性定语从句不能用that引导，引导非限制性定语从句的关系词不能省略。•【典型范例】•LiPing’sfather,whoworksinafactory,isanengineer./Hetoreupmyphoto,whichmademeveryangry.(which指代主句内容，因前后两句是因果关系，此时which不可换为as。)•Heisgoodatphysics,asisknowntousall.•＝Asisknowntousall,heisgoodatphysics.•(注意：as指代主句内容，在asisknown/believed,asweallknow/believe这类结构中as不可换为which)“介词＋关系代词”用法•1.介词的确定应依据定语从句中短语的习惯性搭配，•【典型范例】•Whoisthegirlwithwhomyoujustshookhands?•(shakehandswith…是习惯性搭配)•2.介词常受先行词的制约（即介词和先行词的搭配），•【典型范例】•Hebuiltatelescopethroughwhichhecouldstudytheskies.(throughwhich即throughthetelescope)•3.当关系代词作“动词＋介词”固定短语的宾语时，此时因定短语中的介词不能拆开移到关系代词前。•【典型范例】•Thisisthewatchwhichyou‘relookingfor./Heisakindofmanwhomyoucansafelydependon.几个名词后的引导词•1.situation后常用where,inwhich引导定语从句【典型范例】Canyouimagineasituationwhere/inwhichyoucanusetheword?2.way(方式，方法)后常用inwhich或that或how引导定语从句，也可省略【典型范例】Doyouknowtheway(inwhich/that/how)heworkedouttheproblem?3.“thesame＋名词”，“such＋名词”，“as＋名词”后通常用as引导定语从句。【典型范例】Ihavethesamedictionaryasyou(have)./Suchabookasyouboughtisnotworthbuying.【练一练】•1.（09安徽）AgoodfriendofminefromIwasbornshowedupatmyhomerightbeforeIleftforBeijing.•A.howB.whom•C.whenD.which•2.（09安徽）Manychildren，parentsareawayworkinginbigcities，aretakengoodcareofinthevillage.•A.theirB.whose•C.ofthemD.withwhomCB•3.09湖南）IwasborninNewOrleans,Louisiana,acitynamewillcreateapictureofbeautifultreesandgreengrassinourmind.•A.whichB.ofwhichC.thatD.whose•4.（09重庆）Lifeislikealongrace_____wecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.•A.whyB.whatC.thatD.whereDD•5.（09全国2）Myfriendshowedmeroundthetown,wasverykindofhim.•A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it•6.（09江西）ThehouseIgrewup________hasbeentakendownandreplacedbyanofficebuilding.•A.initB.inC.inthatD.inwhichAB•7.（09海南）Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneofIhadevermetbefore.•A.themB.who•C.whomD.these•8.（09山东）WheneverImether,_________wasfairlyoften,shegreetedmewithasweetsmile.•A.whoB.whichC.whenD.thatCB