Tools:Paintbrush,palette(调色板),easel(画架)Materials:Canvas,wallPaint:oilpaint①religiousfigures(SistineMadonna,Raphael)→religiousevents(TheLastSupper)↓②Historyfigures(NapoleonattheSaint-BernardPass)HistoryEvents(TheCoronationofNapoleon)③stillobjectCaravaggiorealismFirststillobjectpaintinginhistoryPortraitsVelázquezPortraitofPopeInnocentXMonaLisaLeonardodiserPierodaVinci⑤lifeRoyal:TheMaidsofHonourSocial:Thespinnerspaintingrealisticallyfocusperspective:useapieceofglassThewaytopaint:4fixed:samepeople,light,environment,angleofviewLight(physics)&Structure(dissection)DecorationLastjudgementRationalism&Valuesciencefocusonwhattheysee,form→spiritcopy,thefunctionofphotoHumanism(Renaissance)Dualism(nature&manrseparated)Religionrules:Christianwritingbrush,inkstick,inkslab,paperflower-birdpaintingLandscapepaintingFigurepaintingDistributedView“reflectingformbyspirit”.subjectiveunderstandingHaverelationshipwithhandwriting,poemPaintingCalligraphySealcuttingWHYMonismHarmonybetweenmanandnatureauthorChinesevsEuropean=SpiritvsformWhite&blackvscolorfulDistributedviewvsfocusviewRationalismvsPerceptuallism