基于单片机的步进电机控制系统设计

本科毕业设计基于单片机的步进电机控制系统设计摘要本文介绍了以51系列单片机AT89S52为控制核心的所设计的步进电机控制系统，通过按键来控制脉冲频率从而达到对彩灯闪烁慢的控制。实现了对步进电机的正反转和加减速以及启动和停止的功能。控制系统由硬件设计和软件设计两部分组成。经过实际应用电路证明：脉冲输入得越多，电机转子转过的角度就越多，输入输入脉冲的频率越高，电机的转速就越快。系统是由硬件和软件两部分组成的,其中硬件包括单片机的最小系统，电源模块，步进电机驱动模块，LED显示模块和LCD液晶显示模块。软件采用了Keiluvision2编程工具及protelDXP2004画图与制板工具。步进电机就是一种将电脉冲转化为角位移的执行机构。通俗一点讲：当步进驱动器接收到一个脉冲信号，它就驱动步进电机按设定的方向转动一个固定的角度（及步进角）。我们可以通过控制脉冲个数来控制角位移量，从而达到准确定位的目的；同时可以通过控制脉冲频率来控制电机转动的速度和加速度，而达到调速的目的。步进电机是一种特殊的电动机，因为它的精确性和良好的性能而得到了广泛的应用。关键词：单片机步进电机调速液晶显示SteppingMotorControlbyMicrocomputerAbstract：Thisarticledescribesthedesignofthesteppermotorcontrolsystem51seriesMCUAT89S52asthecontrolcore,andbuttonstocontrolthepulsefrequencysoastoachievealanternflashingslowcontrol.Decelerationaswellasstartandstopprocessingthesteppermotorreversingfunction.Thecontrolsystemconsistsoftwoparts,hardwareandsoftwaredesign.Provedthroughtheactualapplicationcircuit:pulseinputmore,theangleturnedbythemotorrotorthemorethehighertheinputfrequencyoftheinputpulse,thefasterspeedofthemotor.Thesystemiscomposedofbothhardwareandsoftware,includingminimumsystemhardwareconsistsofmicrocontroller,powersupplymodule,asteppermotordrivermodule,LEDdisplaymoduleandLCDdisplaymodule.ThesoftwareusesthetheKeiluvision2programmingtoolsandProteltheDXP2004drawingtoolsandsystemboard.Thesteppermotorisanelectricalpulseintotheangulardisplacementoftheimplementingagencies.Itplainlysay:Whenthestepperdriverreceivesapulsesignal,itwilldriveasteppermotortosetthedirectionofrotationofafixedangle(stepangle).Wecancontrolthenumberofpulsestocontroltheamountofangulardisplacement,soastoachieveaccuratepositioningpurposes;atthesametimebycontrollingthepulsefrequencytocontrolthemotorrotationspeedandacceleration,andspeedcontrolpurposes.Thesteppermotorisaspecialmotor,becauseofitsaccuracyandgoodperformancehasbeenwidelyused.Keywords：MicrocomputerSteppingmotorliquidcrystaldisplaykeyboardI目录1前言..........................................................................................................................................11.1课题背景及设计意义...........................................................................................................11.2设计目的及系统功能...........................................................................................................12方案比较与最终选择..............................................................................................................22.1方案1....................................................................................................................................22.1.1单片机最小系统电路........................................................................................................22.1.2步进电机选择....................................................................................................................32.1.2.1步进电机的驱动控制系统.............................................................................................32.1.2.2脉冲信号的产生.............................................................................................................32.1.2.3信号分配.........................................................................................................................32.1.2.4功率放大.........................................................................................................................32.1.3步进电机驱动电路............................................................................................................42.1.4按键控制电路....................................................................................................................42.1.5LED与液晶显示电路........................................................................................................52.1.6系统总图............................................................................................................................62.2方案2....................................................................................................................................72.2.1基于STC12C5624ADR的单片机最小系统电路...........................................................72.2.1步进电机驱动电路选择....................................................................................................82.2.1显示模块............................................................................................................................92.2.1按键电路部分..................................................................................................................102.3AT89S52单片机简介..........................................................................................................102.3.1常用引脚介绍..................................................................................................................112.4方案比较与最终选择.........................................................................................................123电路仿真与分析....................................................................................................................133.1电路板制作、焊接、调制.................................................................................................143.1.1电路板制作：..........