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USin30s1.Publiclife2.TheProhibitionMovementTheGreatDepression•InOctober28th,1929,TheNewYorkStockExchangetumbledmorethan13percent;thenextday,DowJonesIndexhitanewlowof22%off;•thestockmarketcrashedandbanksbegantofail,theeconomyplungedintotheGreatDepression.•TheeconomiccrisisthatismostfamousinAmericanhistorybegan;•By1932,theunemploymentratewas23.6%.•Meanwhile,millionslosttheirjobs;PubliclifeundertheimpactoftheGreatDepression•DuringtheGreatDepressionwhichlastforadecade,itisrecreationlikegames,cartoons,readingthathelpAmericansspentthemostunbearabledecade;Games•Themostsignificantaspectthataffectedbythegreatdepressionistheavailofthepastime:•Thenetsalesofsportsandentertainmentfellbyhalf,manysocialclubs,tennisclubsandgolfclubscloseddown;•Whilemanyfamilygameslikepuzzle,draughtsandchessbecamepopular,whichcankilltimeandeasetheirworries.Cartoons•1937-1949istheinitialdevelopmentperiodofAmericanCartoons;•Fromtheyearof1937,theDisneyCompanyproducedcartoonslike“SnowWhite”“TheAdventuresofPinocchio”“Fantasia”“Bambi”Reading•Formillionswholosttheirjobs,publiclibraryistheirownclub,itisawarmandquietplacewheretheycanreadandnaporevensleep.•AccordingtothesurveyofAmericanLibraryAssociation,in1933,bookcirculationrategrewbyover50%thantheyearof1929,registeredborrowersincreased2to3million.•Anothervividexampleis“ReadersDigest”,in1929,thereareonly250thousandsubscribers,whileaftertheGreatDepression,thetotalcirculationis7to8million,foreignlanguageversionincluded.•Thesuccessof“ReadersDigest”isowntotheGreatDepressionbecauseinthisperiod,manyfamiliesarenotabletosubscribeseveralmagazinessotheyhavetoturnto“ReadersDigest”whichrefinetheessenceofothermagazinesthatcoveracertainaspect.TheProhibitionMovementTheProhibitionMovement•TheProhibitionMovementactuallystartedfromtheearly19thcentury,butatthetimeitwasjustamoralvalueofpersonalchoice;•TheProhibitionMovementisessentiallyconsideredasasocialreformmovementaimedatrevivethetraditionalcultureandvalues;•The18thAmendmenttookeffectonJanuary17th,1920,whichmeansdrinkinginpublicisprohibitedbylaw;ReasonsforProhibition•1.IndustrializationandurbanizationbroughtAmericanmoreopportunitiesandchallenges;butontheotherhand,madeclassdivisionsmoreobviousandinterpersonalrelationshipsmoreunexpectable;asaresult,thesenseofresponsibilitytothefamilyandsocietydecreased,alcoholismanddrunkennessdisturbedthesocialorder;everyyear,morethan4000peoplelosttheirlivesbecauseofpublicdrunkennessReasonsforProhibition•2.Pubsaretheplacesforgambling,prostitution,illegaltrades,andalcoholisamust;•3.Thedevelopmentofwinetradeandhugeprofitsitbroughtmademanyofficialsinvolvedandcorruptionflourished;•4.Drinkingisagainstthepuritanspiritbecauseitspendsmuchtimeandmoney,whichharmshumanbeingnotonlyphysically,butalsomentally;asaresult,itposesanextremethreattotheChristcivilization;•WhileonDecember5th,The18thAmendmenttookeffect,whichmeanstheendoftheProhibitionMovementWhyfailed?•1.Difficultoperation;•Americahasacoastlineof18000miles,butwhenthe18thamendmenttookeffect,therewereonly1500staff,whichmeanseveryoneisresponsibleforsearchingacoastlineof12miles,aharborof12miles,12squaremilesofforest,12squaremilesofinland;•ThemayorofNewYorkclaimedthatifthe18thamendmentwerefaithfullykept,heneedtomobilizepoliceforceofanumberashighas250000;Whyfailed?•2.NotonlydidnottheProhibitionMovementproducedthedesiredeffect,butalsoproducemoreandmoresocialproblems,thecorruptionofgovernmentofficialsisextremelywidespread;Whyfailed?•theProhibitionMovementforcedAmericanstochangetheirlifestylesandintheprocess,civilrightswereviolated,whichisagainstindividualismandliberalismAmericansbelievein,itisdestinedtobeafailure.Evaluation•ThoughtheProhibitionMovementwasabolished,itisworthaffirmationbecausethestarting-pointforpolicymakersandsupportersliketransformingsocialreality,defendingsocialordersandestablishgoodmoralityispositive.Thankyou!!!