搜索
宾语补足语简述1.概念：在英语中有些及物动词，接了宾语意义仍不完整，还需要有1个其他的句子成分，来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等，称为宾语补足语，简称宾补，在英语中极为重要。比如说：IheardJeansingingthismorning.句子中的“Jean”显然是宾语。但是主语I听到的并不是“Jean”，而是“Jeansinging”.“singing”是句子中的宾语补足语。它和宾语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，也就是说从逻辑上来讲，是“Jean”执行了“singing”的动作。句子中的“singing”是现在分词做宾语补足语。能够充当宾补的还有宾语补足语的大致有：不定式，现在分词，过去分词，形容词，副词，介宾短语等。一般情况下，宾补通常紧跟在宾语之后。例：IfindlearningEnglishdifficult.“difficult”是形容词作宾补。2.宾语补足语的几种类型：2.1名词（包括名词性物主代词）作宾语补足语。如：Ican'tunderstandwhypeopleelectedherMonitor我不明白人们为什么选他当班长。In1849,hewenttoEnglandandmadeLondonthebaseforhisrevolutionarywork.在1849年，他去了英国并把伦敦作为他从事革命工作的基地。2.2形容词极其短语作宾语补足语。如：Pleasekeepthewindowsopen.Weneedmorefreshair.请让窗户开着，我们需要更多的新鲜空气。Yourhairistoolong.GototheBarber'sandcutitshort.你的头发太长了，去理发店剪短些。2.3不定式极其短语做宾语补足语。如：IoftenaskhimtohelpmewithmyEnglish.我经常让他帮助我学习英语。Iheardhimsingsongsinthenextroomlastnight我昨天晚上听见他在隔壁房间唱歌了。.注：下列动词后的不定式作宾补时省略to:①感feel②听listento,hear③让let,make,have④看see,watch,observe,notice如：Ican'thaveyousayso.我不能让你这么说。Youshouldtryyourbesttomakehimunderstandthat.你应该尽量让他明白那件事。Weobservedthestudentsdothephysicsexperiment.我们观察了学生做物理实验。2.4现在分词极其短语做宾语补足语。如：Icaughtherstealinginthebookshop.我当场抓住她在书店行窃。WeoftenhearhimpracticingspeakingEnglish.我们经常听见他练习说英语。2.5过去分词极其短语作宾语补足语。如：Whentheygotthere,theyfoundthebankrobbed.当他们到达那儿的时候，他们发现银行被抢了。Theteacherspokeloudlyinordertomakehimselfheard.为了让别人听到，这位老师说话声音很大。不定式做宾语补足语表示动作的过程，现在分词做宾语补足语表示宾语正在进行的动作，过去分词做宾语补足语表示动作的完成，有时含有被动意义。2.6用as引出宾语补足语。如：Weconsiderhimasagreatscientist.我们认为他是个伟大的科学家。MarxtookEnglishasausefultoolinthestruggleoflife.马克思把英语当作人生斗争中的有用武器。2.7介词短语作宾语补足语。如：Pleasemakeyourselfathome.请随便一点。Thecoldkeptmeinbedforthreedays.这次感冒使我在床上呆了三天。2.8副词作宾语补足语。如：Heorderedthemaway.他命令他们离开。Whenwegotthere,wefoundhimout当我们到达那儿的时候，发现他出去了。2.9从句作宾语补足语。如：Wewillsoonmakeourschoolwhatyourschoolisnow.我们不久就要把我们的学校变成你们学校目前的样子。Theanimalhasitsownname.Youcannotcallitwhatyouwill.这个动物有自己的名字，你不能随便称呼它。注：当宾语为动词不定式、动词-ing结构或宾语从句并有宾补时，常用it做形式宾语，放在宾语补足语之前。如：Theyfounditimpossibletofinishtheworkinsuchashorttime.(后面不定式为真正宾语)他们觉得不可能在这么短的时间内完成这项工作。Ifinditnousearguingwithhim.（后面的动名词为真正宾语）我发现和他争吵没有用。Hisparentsthoughtitstrangethattheirsonhadn'twrittentothemfortoolong.父母认为他们的儿子好久没给他们写信了，这很奇怪。同学们只要在平时的学习当中多留意一下宾语补足语这一结构，即“主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语”，那么无论是在写作或翻译句子当中，都会运用自如。宾语补足语练习题1.Themanagerdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee______thenextyear.(NMET2000)A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout2.----There’saholeinyourbag.----Iknow,I’mgoingtohaveit_____.A.mendB.mendingC.mendedD.tobemended3.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister____,todayhewasmade____byhislittlesister.A.cry;tocryB.crying;cryingC.cry;cryD.tocry;cry4.Theywouldnotallowhim_____acrosstheenemyline.A.toriskgoingB.riskingtogoC.forrisktogoD.riskgoing5.Ifoundthedoor_____whenIgothome.A.openedB.closeC.unlockingD.open6.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim___.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoD.donotto7.Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise____.A.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togoon8.Withalotofdifficultproblems_____,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled9.Iadvised_____atonce.A.himtostartingB.himtostartC.tostartingD.tostart10.WhenIputmyhandonhischest,Icouldfeelhisheartstill____.A.beatB.tobebeatingC.beatingD.wasbeating11.Youhadbettergetadoctor_____yourbadtooth.A.pulloutB.topulloutC.pulledoutD.pullingout12.Hemanagedtomakehimselfwithhis____English.A.understand;breakingB.understand;brokenB.C.understood;breakingD.understood;broken13.Thedoctoraskedhimnottoleavehiswound______.A.exposeB.exposedC.toexposeD.exposing14.Theyaregoingtohavetheserviceman____anelectricfanintheofficetomorrow.A.installB.toinstallC.tobeinstalledD.installed15.Afterafewroundsoftalks,bothsidesregardedtheterritorydispute______.A.beingsettledB.tobesettledC.hadsettledD.assettled16.Youwillseethisproduct____whereveryougo.A.tobeadvertisedB.advertisedC.advertiseD.advertising17.Hisremarksleftme_____abouthisrealpurpose.A.wonderedB.wonderC.towonderD.wondering18.WhenIcaughthim______meIstoppedbuyingthingsthereandstarteddealingwithanothershop.A.cheatingB.cheatC.tocheatD.tobecheating19.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister____,todayhewasmade____byhislittlesister.A.cry;tocryB.crying;cryingC.cry;cryD.tocry;cry20.Didyouintendus___thenewmethod?A.usingB.touseC.usingD.areusing21.Theteacherencouragedus______goodcompositions.A.WritingB.writtenC.towriteD.iswriting22.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim______.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto23.Mrs.Brownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhad_______wentwrongagain.A.itB.itrepairedC.repairedD.toberepaired24.Withalotofdifficultproblems_____,thenewly—electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled25.Withtrees,flowersandgrass_____everywhere,mynativetownhadtakenonanewlook.A.plantingB.plantedC.toplantD.tobeplanted26.Shewasgladtoseeherchildwell_____careof.A.takeB.tobetakenC.takenD.taking27.Theresultoftheentranceexamswasnotmade_____tothepublicuntillastThursday.A.knowingB.knownC.toknowD.tobeknown28.Icanmakeyou_____whatIsay,butyoucan’tmakeyourself____inEnglish.A.unde