国际商务交际作业答案

AssignmentoneChapter1EffectiveandEthicalCommunicationatwork1.Whatdoestheexpression‘communicationskills’include?Communicationskillsmeanreading,listening,nonverbal,speaking,andwritingskills;communicationskillsarecriticaltoeffectivejobplacement,careeradvancement,andorganizationalsuccess.2.Fewerlayersofmanagementmeangreatercommunicationchallengesforfrontlineworkers.Why?Theflatteningmeansfewerlayersofmanagersseparatedecisionmakersfromfrontlineworkers.Intraditionalcompanies,informationflowsthroughmanylevelsofmanagers.Inflatorganizations,however,wherethelivesofcommunicationareshorter,decisionmakerscanreactmorequicklytomarketchanges.Restructuredcompaniesorganizeworkwithhorizontalteamsthatallowvariousareastointeractmoreefficiently.Today’sflatterorganizations,however,alsoposegreatercommunicationchallenges.Inthepast,authoritarianandhierarchicalmanagementstructuresdidnotrequirethateveryemployeebeaskilledcommunicator.Managerssimplyposedalongmessagestothenextlevel.Today,however,frontlineemployeesaswellasmanagersparticipateindecisionmaking.Nearlyeveryoneisawriterandacommunicator.Businesspeoplepreparetheirownmessage;secretariesnolongercleanuptheirbosses’writing.3.Whyisoralcommunicationconsideredmoreeffectivethanwrittencommunication?Oralcommunicationhasmanyadvantages.Foronething,itminimizesmisunderstandingsbecausecommunicatorscanimmediatelyaskquestionstoclarifyuncertainties.Foranother,itenablescommunicatorstoseeeachother’sfacialexpressionsandhearvoiceinflections,furtherimprovingtheprocess.Oralcommunicationisalsoanefficientwaytodevelopconsensuswhenmanypeoplemustbeconsulted.Finallymostofusenjoyface-to-faceinterpersonalcommunicationbecauseitiseasy,feelswarmandnatural,andpromotesfriendship.4.Whenyouarefacedwithadifficultethicaldecision,whatquestionsshouldyouaskself?Istheactionyouareconsideringlegal?Howwouldyouseetheproblemifyouwereontheoppositeside?Whatarealternatesolutions?Canyoudiscusstheproblemwithsomeonewhoseadviceyoutrust?Howwouldyoufeelifyourfamily,friends,employer,coworkerslearnedofyouraction?Chapter2Professionalism:Team,Meeting,Listening,Nonverbal,andEtiquetteSkills1.CompareandcontrastpositiveandnegativeteambehaviorPositiveteambehaviorsNegativeteambehaviorsSettingrulesandabidingbythemBlockingtheideasandsuggestionsofothersAnalyzingtasksanddefiningproblemsInsultingandcriticizingothersContributinginformationandideasWastingthegroup’stimeShowinginterestbylisteningactivelyMakingtheinappropriatejokesandcommentsEncouragingmemberstoparticipateFailingtostayontaskSynthesizingpointsofagreementWithdrawing,failingtoparticipate2.Ifyouareconsideringorganizingameeting,whatshouldyoudobeforethemeeting?decidingwhetherameetingisnecessarySelectingparticipantsDistributingadvanceinformationUsingdigitalcalendarstoschedulemeetings3.Howisvideoconferencingdifferentfromwebconferencing?Webconferencingissimilartovideoconferencingbutmayworkwithorwithoutthetransmissionofpicturesoftheparticipants.AttendeesusetheircomputerstoaccessanonlinevirtualmeetingroomwheretheycanpresentPowerPointslidesorsharespreadsheetsorworddocuments,justastheymightdoinaface-to-facemeeting.Webconferencingisparticularlyusefulforteammeetings,training,andsalespresentations.Participantscandemonstrateproducts,makepresentations,andinteractwithparticipants.4.Whatisgroupthink,andhowcanitbeavoided?Groupthink:faultydecision-makingprocessbyteammemberswhoareoverlyeagertoagreewithoneanother.Effectiveteamsavoidgroupthinkbystrivingforteamdiversityinage,gender,background,experience,andtraining.Chapter3interculturalCommunication1.Whatisgeographicallocationvirtuallyirrelevantformanyactivitiesandservicestoday?Tobesuccessfulinthisinterdependentglobalvillage,companiesareincreasinglyfindingitnecessarytoadapttoothercultures.Manycompaniesareincreasinglylookingoverseasasdomesticmarketsmature.Anothersignificantfactoristhepassageoffavorabletradeagreement.Besides,thedevelopmentofnewtransportationandinformationtechnologiescontributethemselvestotheexplosivegrowthofglobalmarkets.2.Howisa‘stereotype’differentfroma‘prototype’?Astereotypeisanoversimplifiedbehavioralpatternapplieduncriticallytogroups.Thetermwasuseoriginallybyprinterstodescribeidenticaltypesetintwoframes.Stereotypesarefixedandrigid.Althoughtheymaybeexaggeratedandover-generalizedbeliefswhenappliedtogroupsofpeople,stereotypesarenotalwaysentirelyfalse.Oftentheycontainagrainoftruth.Prototypes,then,aredynamicandchangewithfreshexperience.Prototypesbasedonobjectiveobservations,usuallyhaveaconsiderableamountoftruthinthem.Thatiswhytheycanbehelpfulinstudyingcultures.3.Briefly,contrasthigh-andlow-contextcultures.Low-contextculturesHigh-contextculturesTendtopreferdirectverbalinteraction;Tendtounderstandmeaningatonelevelonly;Aregenerallylessproficientinreadingnonverbalcues;Valueindividualism;Relymoreonlogic;Employlinearlogic;Saynodirectly;Communicateinhighlystructured,providedetails,stressliteralmeanings,giveauthoritytowritteninformationTendtopreferindirectverbalinteraction;Tendtounderstandmeaningembodiedatmanysocio-culturallevels;Aregenerallymoreproficient