however与no-matter-how的区别

1“疑问词+ever”可分为两类，“疑问代词+ever”：whatever/whichever/whoever（宾格whomever）和“疑问副词+ever”：wherever/whenever/however.不论是“疑问代词+ever”还是“疑问副词+ever”，其意义都是“不管/无论+该疑问词的本义”。1.“疑问代词+ever”可引导两种类型的从句，即让步状语从句和名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句）。（1）引导让步状语从句。此时whatever/whoever/whichever分别等于“nomatter+what/who/which”。例如：Whateverhappened/Nomatterwhathappened,hewouldn'tsayaword..Whoeversaysso/Nomatterwhosaysso,itiswrong.Whichever/Nomatterwhichdictionaryyou（may）take，youwillhavetopayatleast20dollars.注意：这类从句中应用一般现在时表将来，从句中也常用情态动词may/might.（2）引导名词性从句。例如：Whoeversmokesherewillbepunished.（主语从句）Beggarswilleatwhatevertheyaregiven.（宾语从句）Whicheverhelikeswillbegiventohim.（主语从句）Youmayinvitewhoever/whomeveryoulike.（常用whoever代替whomever）此时它们都不能换成“nomatter+疑问词”的形式，但whoever等于anyonewho，whatever等于anythingthat.2.“疑问副词+ever”：wherever/whenever/however一般只能引导一种类型的从句，即让步状语从句，此时它们分别等于“nomatter+where/when/how”。例如：Wherever/Nomatterwherehegoes（maygo）.I'llfollowhim.Whenever/Ivisitedhim,hewasalwaysbusyworkings.Howeverlateheis/Nomatterhowlateheis，hismotherwillwaitforhimtohave注意：当however用作连接副词时也可引导名词性从句，而whenever/wherever则不能引导名词性从句。例如：I'llgiveyouhowevermuchmoneyyouneed.（宾语从句，此时however不能改成nomatterhow）。3.另外，whatever/whichever/whoever与whenever/wherever/however分别可相当于what/which/who与when/where/how的强调式，引起的特殊疑问句往往是简单句，与原疑问词的意思、用法完全相同，只是表达的语气更为强烈，翻译时可加上“到底；究竟”等。例如：What（ever）areyoudoing？你（到底）在干什么？Which（ever）doyouwanttobuy？你（究竟）要买哪一个？Who（ever）toldyousuchafoolishstory？（究竟）是谁讲给你这么蠢的事？When（ever）canIenjoyalongvacation？（究竟）什么时候才能给我放个长假呢？Where（ever）didyouleaveyourdictionary？你（究竟）把词典放哪儿了？How（ever）didyoucollectsomuchmoney？你（到底）是怎样筹到这么多钱的？