American-History

AmericanHistoryChapter9AmericanHistoryI.AmericaintheColonialEraII.TheAmericanWarofIndependenceIII.TheAmericanCivilWarIV.Americainthe20thCenturyV.Americainthe21stCenturyPuttheseeventsinorderColonizationofNorthAmerica(1607-1776)Indians1ThediscoveryofAmerica2EarlyColonialEra3Indians:The“firstAmericans”TheDiscoveryoftheNewWorldAmerigoVespucciChristopherColumbusWhydidtheearlysettlerscometoAmerica?•Opportunity–ItdrewEnglishmerchantswhodreamedofestablishinggreatnewestatesoutofthewildness.–Itdrewcarpenters,bakers,tailorsandotherskilledworkmenwhocouldnotfindjobinEngland.–Itdrewthepoorandthehomelessfromfarmlandsandvillages.–ItdrewmanyEnglishinsearchofreligiousfreedom.In1620,atinyshipcalledthe“Mayflower”sailedfromEnglandfortheNewworld,with102passengers.50%werePilgrims.LandedinwhatisnowPlymouth,Massachusetts.•PilgrimFathersThePuritans•ThePuritanswerewealthy,well-educatedgentlemen.TheywantedtopurifytheChurchofEnglandandthreatenedwithreligiouspersecution,thePuritansleaderssawtheNewworldasthearefugeprovidedbyGodforthoseHemeanttosave.TheFoundingofthe13Colonies–ThefirstEnglishcolonyinAmericawasfoundedatJamestown,Virginia,in1607;knownasthemotherstate–Between1607and1733theBritishestablished13coloniesalongtheeastcoastofNorthAmerica.RelationsofAmericanIndianswithEuropeansettlers•friendship•hostility•AmericanIndianshelpedtheearlyEuropeanstosurvive•ThefirstThanksgivinginNorthAmerica.•AmericanIndianswerekilledanddriventomountainousandbarrenareasknownasIndianReservations,asaresultofinterestsinlandandculturalconflictsTheAmericanWarofIndependence•WhatwerethecausesoftheWarofIndependence?Britain’scolonialpolicy–Theeconomyinthe13coloniesdevelopedveryfast–TheBritishgovernmentwastobringthedevelopmentundercontrolandtocollectmoretaxesfromthecolonies.–“Notaxationwithoutrepresentation”–(无代表，不纳税）HowwastheWarofIndependencestarted?–The“BostonTeaParty”•In1773,whenshipsofteareachedBostontobedistributed,severaldozenBostonresidentsboardedtheshipatnightandthrew$75,000worthofteaintotheharbor.Thiscametobeknownasthe“BostonTeaParty”.–Thestartofthewar•In1775,about1,000BritishsoldiersweresentfromBostontoseizethemilitarysuppliesoftheAmericanmilitia.WhentheyarrivedatLexingtontheyweremetbythearmedmilitiamen.SuddenlyashotwasfiredandtheWarofIndependencebegan.Wherethere’soppression,there’srevolution.BostonTheBattleofLexington(1775)ThefirstshotsstartingtherevolutionThefirstContinentalCongress1774•Date:September1774•Place:Philadelphia•Delegates:from12coloniesexceptGeorgia•Result:passedDeclarationofRightsandGrievancesThesecondContinentalCongress1775Date:May,1775Place:PhiladelphiaResult:TheCongressfoundedaContinentalArmyunderthecommandofGeorgeWashington.TheDeclarationofIndependenceDeclarationofIndependenceOnJuly4,1776,theCongressformallydeclaredtheindependence•TheDeclarationstates:“Weholdthesetruthstoself-evident:Thatallmenarecreatedequal;thattheyareendowedbytheirCreatorwithcertainunalienablerights;thatamongthesearelife,liberty,andthepursuitofhappiness;thattosecuretheserights,governmentsareinstitutedamongmen,derivingtheirjustpowersfromtheconsentofthegoverned;thatwheneveranyformofgovernmentbecomesdestructiveoftheseends,itistherightofthepeopletoalterortoabolishit,…”ThomasJefferson“我们认为下述真理是不言而喻的：人人生而平等，造物主赋予他们若干不可让与的权力，其中包括生存权、自由权和追求幸福的权力。为了保障这些权利，人类才在他们中间建立政府，而政府的正当权力则是经被统治者同意所授予的。任何形式的政府一旦对这些目标的实现起破坏作用时，人民便有权予以更换或废除…”ThomasJefferson(1743–1826)•Anti-Federalists•Thechairmanofthecommittee•ThethirdpresidentofU.S.A(1801-1809)TheDeclarationofIndependenceJuly4.1776GeorgeWashington(1732-99)GeorgeWashingtonwasappointed(1775)commanderinchiefoftheContinentalarmy.Aftervictory(1783),hepresidedoverthecouncilwhichdrafted(1787)theU.S.constitution,andwasunanimouslyelectedpresident.INGODWETRUSTTheBattleofSaratoga•Date:17thOctober1777•Place:SaratogainNewYorkState•Combatants:BritishandGermantroopsVS.theAmericans•Result:•TurningPointTheBattleofSaratogaTheBattleofYorktown•Date:October1781•Place:Virginia•Combatants:•AmericansandFrenchVs.•theBritishTheBattleofYorktownWhat’stheinfluenceoftheWarofIndependence?*Ithadgreatinternationalinfluence.*ThecoloniesinSpanishAmericaroseuponeafteranothertooverthrowSpanishcolonialrules.*TheFrenchRevolution*AftertheWarofIndependence,capitalismgotachanceforfreerdevelopment.*TerritorialexpansionIn1788,13coloniesbecometheUnitedStatesofAmericaBy1796,afewmorestateshavebeencreated.AmericabuysLouisianafromFrancein1803TheLouisianaPurchase（1803）By1837,newstateshavebeencreatedaroundtheMississippi.By1850,OregonandCaliforniabecomestates.1843:OnethousandpeopletraveltoOregon1848:USAwinsTexasintheMexicanWar1849:Californiagoldrush1862:AnewlawgivesfreelandtosettlersTheSituationBeforetheWarP120•ThreeGreatTides•“WestwardMovement”•TwoeconomicsystemsintheNorthandtheSouth•NorthCapitalistEconomy•SouthPlantation•TheGrowthoftheworkingclass•UncleTom’sCabinUncleTom’sCabin•1852•HarrietBeecherStowe•Anantislaverynovelwhichhadgreatpoliticalinfluence.•Sothisisthelittleladywhomadethisbigwar.“•---Lincolnfreeandslavestates(1860)TheCivilWar(1861-1865)•AbrahamLincolnwaselectedpresidentandopp