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定语从句定语从句的先行词•1.注意被定语从句所修饰的先行词的特点,即是人还是物,以及在定语从句中所充当的成分.如:•Thestudentwhoansweredthequestionwasmyfriend.•Thegirlyoumetjustnowismysister.定语从句中的关系代词和关系副词•1.在从句中做主语的关系代词有who,thatwhich.•Anarchitectisapersonwho(that)designshousesandbuildings.•Thesupermarketwhich(that)wasopenedlastweekisaverymodernone.2.在定语从句中能作宾语的关系代词有who,whom,which,that.如:Thesuit(which,that)thetailormadeformedoesn’tfitme.Themen(whom,that)Ibeatinthetennisgamewasmyfather.3.在定语从句中作定语的关系代词有whose或the+名词+of+which(whom),如,Helivesintheroomwhosedoorisgreen.=Helivesintheroomthedoorofwhichisgreen.Thegirlwhosefatherisateacherstudiesverywell.=Thegirlthefatherofwhomisateacherstudiesverywell4.在定语从句中作状语的关系副词有when(表时间),先行词是表时间的名词.where(表地点),先行词是表地点的名词.why(表原因),先行词是reason,how(表方式),先行词是way.如:HecamelastnightwhenIwasout.TheplacewhereImetherwasrailwaystation.Thatisnoreasonwhyyoushouldleave.5.介词如果在定语从句的句首时,作宾语的关系代词只能用whom和which,且不可以省略.如:Themanwithwhomyoushookhandsjustnowistheheadofourdepartment.=Themanwhomyoushookhandswithistheheadofourdepartment.ThisisthebooktowhichIreferredinmytalk.=Thisisthebook(which)Ireferredtoinmytalk.限制性和非限制性定语从句1、非限制性定语从句和先行词的关系不紧密，用逗号和主句分开，作为一种补充说明.即使去掉主句，主句的意思依然清楚。而限制性定语从句和先行词关系紧密.从句不能去掉，如果去掉意思就不清楚。且主句和从句之间无逗号，一定要译在先行词前面。Hehasabrotherwhoisateacher.Hehasabrother,whoisateacher.2、which在所引导的非限制性定语从句中，有时可以修饰整个主句，即代替主句的意义。Theexaminationhasbeenputoff,whichiswhatwewant.2、which在所引导的非限制性定语从句中，有时可以修饰整个主句，即代替主句的意义。Theexaminationhasbeenputoff,whichiswhatwewant.Marywaslateagain,whichmadeherteacherangry.3、只用which不用that的情况（1）引导非限制性定语从句时，如Bambooishollow,whichmakesitverylight.(2)当关系代词前有介词时.如Theroominwhichmyfamilyliveusedtobeagarage.(3)当先行词本身为that时.如Thatwhichyoutoldhimaboutiswhatwewanttoknow.二、只用that不用which的情况（1）先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时候。如ThefirstplacethatwevisitedwastheGreatWall.(2)先行词前有only,few,little,just,right,any,all,one等词修饰时.如Theonlyfurniture(that)hehadintheroomwasachairandasmalldesk.(2)先行词前有only,few,little,just,right,any,all,one等词修饰时.如Theonlyfurniture(that)hehadintheroomwasachairandasmalldesk.(3)先行词是不定代词some,all,anything,little,much,something,everything,nothing,none等时.如Thatisall(that)Iwanttosay.(4)先行代词为人和物的名词词组.如Theytalkedofpersonsandthingsthattheyrememberedintheschool.(5)在therebe或therelive结构中,先行词指物时.如ThereisabookonthedeskthatIamveryinterestedin.(6)先行词指物,在主句中作表语时,如Isthisthebookthatyouborrowedinthelibrary.(7)在way（指方法）后面常用that代替how或inwhich结构,如Thatwastheway(that)hedidit.(8)time(表示次数)前有序数词修饰时,如ThatwasthelasttimethatImether.(9)当先行词前有thesame修饰时,或当先行词和关系代词指同一人物时,如ThisisthesamebookthatIboughtyesterday.只用who的情况(1)先行词为those指人时，如Thosewhowanttogothereraiseyourhands.(2)在therebe(live)结构中先行词指人时，如：Therelivedakingwhowaskindtohispeople.(3)先行词指人的不定代词one,anyone,noone,one,all,nobody,anybody,none等。如：Anyonewhobrokethewindowwouldbepunished..(4)选用关系副词不能光看先行词是否表示时间，地点和原因的名词，而必须分析从句谓语动词与先行词之间的逻辑关系。如：Wewillneverforgetthedaywhichwespenttogether.Iliketotakemyvacationinthemountain,whichisquietandbeautiful.Thatisthereasonwhichhegaveusforthisaction.