定语从句attributive clause

Unit18GrammarTheAttributiveClause定语从句在句中修饰某个名词或代词,被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。引导定语从句的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。when,where,whywho,whom,whose,that,which,as起连词作用，本身在从句中作时间、地点或原因状语。起连词作用，本身作从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语。关系副词关系代词概述考点一：that和whichFinally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolen.1.先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,everything,nothing,something时。Youcantakeanyseatthatisfree.2.先行词被all,any,every,few,little,no,some等不定代词修饰。Thisisthebestbook(that)I’veeverread.3.先行词被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时。HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttoseenow.4.先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast,thesame修饰时。Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthatwesawthen.5.先行词既有人又有物时。Whichisthecarthatkilledtheoldlady?6.以which开头的疑问句。一、指物时,引导词用that,不用which考点一：that和whichBrucewenttowardsthefire,whichwasstillsmoking.Tomcamebacklate,whichmadehisparentsveryangry.1.引导非限定性定语从句时。（先行词可以是一个词也可以是一个句子）ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunoncelived.2.关系代词作介词宾语时。Thisisthehousewhich/thatLuXunoncelivedin.二、指物时，引导词用which,不用that考点二：that和whoThosewhodidn’thandinyourhomeworkpleasestandup.1.先行词是one,ones,anyone,those等时。Shehasabrother,whoworkedatthatfactorytenyearsago.2.在非限定性定语从句中。ImetaforeignerinthecitylastweekwhocouldspeakChinesewell.3.先行词后有一个较长的定语。指人时,引导词用who,不用that先行词是疑问代词who时,引导词用that。Whoisthepersonthatisstandingbythedoor?考点三：介词+关系代词关系代词前介词的确定形式：介词+which(物)介词+whom(人)CanyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsaboutwhichI’msure.Thefilmaboutwhichyouaretalkingisveryinteresting.1.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配。1949wastheyearinwhichtheP.R.C.wasfounded.2.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯。考点三：介词+关系代词关系代词前介词的确定3.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词+of+关系代词”的结构，如：Thereare50studentsinourclass,two-thirdsofwhomhavebeentoBeijing.4.Whose（指物）从句可转换为“of+which”结构，如：Theyliveinahouse,whosedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,thedoorofwhichopentothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,ofwhichthedooropenstothesouth.考点四：关系副词的运用在限定性和非限定性从句中，(1)when的先行词是时间名词，where的先行词是地点名词，why的先行词是reason；(2)它们分别在定语从句中做状语。(3)可以与“介词+which”互换。AfterlivinginParisfor50yearshereturnedtothesmalltownwherehegrewupasachild.（inwhich）ThedaywhenImethimfirstwasMay1st.(onwhich)DoyouknowthereasonwhyIleftsoearly?(forwhich)考点五：as和which引导的定语从句关系代词as和which都能引导非限定性定语从句代表整个句子的内容，有时可以互换，但：as引导的从句可位于句首或句末，which引导的定语从句则不能位于句首；as有“正如”的意思。Asweallknow,theearthisround.考点六：定语从句和同位语从句的区别首先看引导从句的关系词that是否在从句中充当句子成分，如果在从句中充当主、宾、表语，则是定语从句。再看that前的名词是否是一些有内容的名词，如：idea,fact,thought,news等，后面的从句是说明其内容的，并且这个名词在后面的从句中不充当任何成分，则是同位语从句。Heexpressedthehopethathehadwantedtobeadoctorformanyyears.其他1.当先行词被thesame修饰时,关系代词既可用that,也可用as，但意义不同。ThisisthesamebookthatIlentyouyesterday.这是我昨天借给你的书。（同一本书）ThisisthesamebookasIlentyouyesterday.这本书和我昨天借给你的那本一样。（同样一本书）2.先行词是专有名词、整个句子或世界上独一无二的物质名词时，一般用非限定性定语从句修饰。Thesun,whichgivesuslightandheat,isverybig.Hisbrother,whoisasoldier,willcometoseehim.Hisbrotherwhoisasoldierwillcometoseehim.对比下面两句有何不同?3.“oneof+可数名词复数”引导的定语从句中，谓语动词应用复数；而“oneof+可数名词复数”前有the,only或theonly修饰时，定语从句中的谓语动词用单数。其他Heisoneofthestudentswhostudyveryhardatschool.Heisthe(only/theonly)oneofthestudentswhostudiesveryhardatschool.Correctthesentences:1.I’musingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday.2.Isthatfactorywhichyourfatheronceworkedin?3.ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada.4.July1,1999isthedaywhenwe’llneverforget.^^__(去掉)which____totheoneCorrectthesentences:5.IstillremembertheholidaysIstayedwiththem.6.I’mgoingtoworkinthehospitalwhereneedsme.7.Thosethathaven’tbeentotheWestLakewillgatherattheschoolgate.8.Idon’tlikethewaywhichyoutalkedtoyourfriend.inwhen____who___(that/which)^^Correctthesentences:9.ThisisthelasttimewhenI’vegivenyoulessons.10.Soontheycametoafarmhouse,andinfrontofwhichsatasmallboy.11.Weheardthenewswhichourteamwonthegame.12.Thereasonwhichheexplaineditsoundsreasonable.____that____that____whyit____Correctthesentences:13.Thoseatthedeskwanttobuyticketswritedownyournames.14.Thatwasthereasonbecauseshelookedold.15.MissChenistheonlyoneofthefewteacherswhogiveuswonderfulEnglishlessonsinourschool.who__________giveswhy^Correctthesentences:17.Itistheoneofthebestfilmsthathavebeenshownrecently.18.ThethirdplacewhichwearegoingtovisitisHangzhou.19.Whichisknowntoall,manysatellitearegoingaroundinthesky.20.Thestudentsandthingswhichyouspokeofareknowntous.that_________hasAsthat________Correctthesentences:21.Einsteinissuchagreatscientistthatwemustlearnfrom.22.Thestudentwho’sbookIhadborroweddidn’tcometoschooltoday.23.Whoistheworkerwhotooksomepicturesofthefactory.24.ThebikebywhichItravelledwashis.as_____Whose____that___on____Grammarcomesfrompracticeandshouldguidepractice.