选校网专业大全历年分数线上万张大学图片大学视频院校库定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句讲解及练习名词性从句whatever与nomatterwhatItisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild__________herorshewants.A.whateverB.nomatterwhatC.wheneverD.nomatterwhen此题应选A。容易误选B。选项C、D显然是错的,因为句中的wants缺宾语,而C、D两项不能作宾语。至于C、D的区别,可这样描述:nomatterwhat只能引导状语从句,而不引导名词性从句。而whatever既可引导名词性从句(=anythingthat),也可引导状语从句(=nomatterwhat):1.引导名词性从句(只用whatever):无论他做什么都是对的。正:Whateverhedidwasright.误:Nomatterwhathedidwasright.无论他说什么似乎都有道理。正:Whateverhesayssoundsreasonable.误:Nomatterwhathesayssoundsreasonable.山羊找到什么就吃什么。正:Goatseatwhatevertheyfind.误:Goatseatnomatterwhattheyfind.2.引导状语从句(两者可换用):无论你说什么,我都不会相信你。正:Whateveryousay,Iwon’tbelieveyou.正:Nomatterwhatyousay,Iwon’tbelieveyou.无论发生什么,都要保持镇定。正:Keepcalm,whateverhappens.正:Keepcalm,nomatterwhathappens.名词性从句的三个基本要素要素一:引导词也就是引导名词性从句的关联词。这些引导词可分为三类,一是that类,二是if/whether类,三是疑问词类。既然是引导词,所以这些词就总是位于名词性从句的最前面。要素二:语序名词性从句都必须与陈述句语序相同,即“主语+谓语”。事实上,任何一种从句,其语序都必须与陈述句的语序相同。选校网专业大全历年分数线上万张大学图片大学视频院校库要素一:时态若主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时,宾语从句的谓语动词可根据情况使用各种时态;若主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,宾语从句若不是一个客观事实或真理,其谓语动词也必须用某种过去时态。引导宾语从句that的省略问题■名词从句作动词宾语时,前面的that常被省略,特别是在非正式语体中:Isuggested(that)theyshoulddrivealongthecoast.我建议他们沿着海岸开车。Ihoped(that)Iwould/shouldsucceed.我曾希望我会成功。Iknow(that)hewillbeintime.我知道他会赶得上的。Iknew(that)hewouldbeintime.我当时知道他会赶得上的。Hethinks(that)theywillgivehimavisa.他想他们会给他签证。Hethought(that)theywouldgivehim3visa.他本想他们会给他签证。Iexpect(that)theplanewillhediverted.我料想飞机会改变航线。Iexpected(that)theplanewouldbediverted.我本料想飞机会改变航线。■在某些动词(如answer,imply)之后则一般需要用that。如:HeansweredthathewasfromAustria.他说他是奥地利人。Sheansweredthatshepreferredtoeatalone.她回答说她愿意独自吃。Idon’twishtoimplythatyouarewrong.我无意暗示你错了。Thenewspapershaveimpliedthattheyarehavinganaffair.报纸报道暗指他们有染。■在较长的句子里,特别在“that从句”与动词隔开时,that一般不可省略。如:Thedealertoldmehowmuchhewaspreparedtopayformycarandthatfcouldhavethemoneywithoutdelay.那个商人告诉我他准备出多少钱买我的汽车,并说我会立即收到款。这个thatif是什么意思这道题中的thatif是什么意思?Shepromised_________hehadenoughmoneyshewouldmarryhim.A.thatB.ifC.thatifD.ifthat【分析】此题应选C,其余几项均有可能误选。句子的正常词序为Shepromisedthatshewouldmarryhimifhehadenoughmoney.由于将条件状语从句ifhehadenoughmoney插入动词promised与其宾语从句之间,从而导致许多同学误选。顺便说一句,本来动词promise后接宾语从句时,引导宾语从句的that是可以省略的,但是按英语习惯,当动词与其宾语从句之间插有其他成分时,引导宾语从句的that通常不宜省略,所以此题不宜选B。又如:选校网她答应要是谁找到她儿子,她会给他一大笔钱。(句子可改为Shepromisedthatshewouldgivehimalotofmoneyifanyonefoundherson.)Hesaidthatwhenhiswifecamebackhewouldleave.他说等他妻子一回来,他就离开。(句子可改写为Hesaidthathewouldleavewhenhiswifecameback.)TellhimthatifheisathomeI’llcometoseehim.告诉他,如果他在家,我就去看他。(句子可改写为Tellhim(that)I’llcometoseehimifheisathome.)这两道题考查名词性从句吗第1题Don’tyouknow,mydearfriend,_________itisyouthatsheloves?A.whoB.whichC.thatD.what【分析】此题容易误选A或B,选A者认为这是指人的,故用who;选B者认为这是非限制性定语从句,两者都是误认为这是定语从句(注意没有先行词),其实此题应选C,它引导的是一个宾语从句,只是被其中的插入语mydearfriend隔开罢了。其实此句也可说成Mydearfriend,don’tyouknowthatitisyouthatsheloves?又如:Ithink,thoughIcouldbemistaken,_________helikedme.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.what答案选C,句子可改写为Ithinkthathelikedme,thoughIcouldbemistaken.即thathelikedme是动词think之宾语。第2题Hetoldmethenews,believeitornot,_________hehadearned$1000inasingleday.A.thatB.whichC.asD.because【分析】此题容易误选B,误认为这是非限制性定语从句。其实此题应选A,that引导的是一个用以修饰名词thenews的同位语从句。不少同学之所以误选B,正是believeitornot(信不信由你)这个插入成分惹的祸。这道题是考查主语从句吗?这道题是考查主语从句吗?要看仔细定噢!_________withtherightknowledgecangivefirstaid.A.WhoB.WhoeverC.AnyoneD.Whoever【分析】此题容易误选B,主要受以下这类句子的影响而形成思维定势:Whoeversaysthatislying.谁那样说,谁就是在说谎。Whoeverbreaksthislawdeservesafine.违反本法者应予以罚款。选校网谁先来谁就可以免费得到一张票。以上各例中的whoever引导的均为主语从句,它们均可换成anyonewho,但不能换成anyone。上面的试题从表面上看,与以上各例很相似,其实有本质的不同,即_________withtherightknowledge中没有谓语动词,所以我们不能选whoever。此题的正确答案为C,anyone为句子主语,withtherightknowledge为修饰anyone的定语。请做以下试题:(1)_________withagoodeducationcanapplyforthejob.A.WhoB.WhoeverC.AnyoneD.Whoever(2)_________hasagoodeducationcanapplyforthejob.A.WhoB.WhoeverC.AnyoneD.Whoever(3)_________havingagoodeducationcanapplyforthejob.A.WhoB.WhoeverC.AnyoneD.Whoever(4)_________seensmokingherewillbefined.A.WhoB.WhoeverC.AnyoneD.Whoever(5)_________isseensmokingherewillbefined.A.WhoB.WhoeverC.AnyoneD.Whoever(6)_________smokingherewillbefined.A.WhoB.WhoeverC.AnyoneD.Whoever(7)_________smokesherewillbefined.A.WhoB.WhoeverC.AnyoneD.Whoever第(1)题选C,介词短语withagoodeducation为修饰anyone的定语;第(2)题选B,whoeverhasagoodeducation为主语从句;第(3)题选C,现在分词短语havingagoodeducation为修饰anyone的定语;第(4)题选C,过去分词短语seensmokinghere为修饰anyone的定语(可视为anyonewhoisseensmokinghere之省略);第(5)题选B,whoeverisseensmokinghere为主语从句(from);第(6)题选C,现在分词短语smokinghere为修饰anyone的定语;第(7)题B,whoeversmokeshere为主语从句。that与whether(if)引导名词性从句的区别两者均可引导宾语从句,也可引导语从句和表语从句(if通常不行),但两者含义不同,whether(if)表示“是否”,that却不表示任何含义。在它们所引出的从句中,that表示一种肯定、明确的概念,而whether(if)则表示一种不肯定、不明确的概念。比较:选校网专业大