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定语从句与名词性从句的辨析——结合已做的练习来比较Structures定语从句名词性从句n+定从n/n.phr/Ss,+定从主从：主从+V+其他It作形式主语宾从：Vt/prep/adj.+宾从表从：V系(be)+表从同位从：n+同位从引导词关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose,as关系副词：when,where,why连接词：that,whether/if连接代词：what,which,who,whom,whose,-ever关系副词：when,where,why,how,asif/though,because定语从句名词性从句两种从句中都有的两个引导词的比较定从(限):关系代词，作成分，指人/物名从:连接词，不作成分，无含义eg.Shealsoclaimedthatshewashatedbyotherwomenintheworkplacethatwerejealousofherbeauty.(45-1)eg.Ican’tforgetthehappytimethatI’vespentwithmyclassmatesandteachers.(华普四)eg.Jackisnotthemanthathewas.定从①that在从句中作主语作宾语作表语eg.Thattheearthisroundistrue.eg.Whatkidsshouldkeepinmindisthatinmostcases,yourparentscanrelatetowhatyou’regoingthroughbecausetheywereteensonce.(45-18)eg.I’mpleasedtolearnthatyouarelearningChinese.(江南十校)eg.ThereisnodoubtthatwebenefitmuchfromtheInternet.(华普五)名从在从句中不作成分②which定从(限):关系代词，作成分，指物(单独)eg.ThiswasmythankstoherandIhandedheraninspiringsmilecardwhichmentionedtospreadthekindness.(华普三)eg.Now,Ilearnthatsmallmistakeasitis,itcandestroythewholeplanwhichweworkon.(分科综合卷二)两种从句中都有的两个引导词的比较作主语作宾语eg.Ateamcanalsoscoreviafreethrows,whichareworthonepoint.(华普四)eg.Wecancookforourselves,whichisveryexciting.(周报第二期)eg.DoyoustillrememberthosebookswhichIboughtlastweek?Youcanchoosewhich(one/book)youlikebest.②which定从(限):关系代词，作成分，指物(单独)名从:连接代词，作成分(定语)(+n)(非限):关系代词，作成分，指物/句子两种从句中都有的两个引导词的比较①as限:关系代词，作成分，指人/物非限:指代的先行词为整个句子eg.Heissuchalazymanasnobodywantstoworkwith.(总复习书P210)eg.Heissuchalazymanthatnobodywantstoworkwithhim.两种从句中各自特有的引导词定从状从作宾语不作成分非限aswhicheg.ThelivingstandardofthepeopleinChina,asisshowninthereport,hasimprovedoverthepastdecades.(总复习书P210)eg.ThelivingstandardofthepeopleinChinahasimprovedoverthepastdecades,asisshowninthereport.eg.Asisshowninthereport,thelivingstandardofthepeopleinChinahasimprovedoverthepastdecades.位置，先行词，意义aswhich位置主句前/中/后主句后先行词整个句子名词，名词短语，整个句子意义“正如,就像”“这”②whether连接词，不作成分，“是否”eg.Itdoesn’tmatterwhetheryoupaybycashorcreditcardinthisstore.(总复习书P216)两种从句中各自特有的引导词主从③how连接副词，作状语eg.Momoftenphonesme,askinghowIamgettingalongwithmystudies.(总复习书216)两种从句中各自特有的引导词④asif/though引导表语从句，用陈述或虚拟语气eg.Youlookasifyou’vehadagoodtime.eg.HelooksasifhewerefromtheMars.两种从句中各自特有的引导词asif/though引导的表从常跟在特定的动词后，如seem,appear,look,taste,sound,feel等⑤what连接代词，作成分,“什么,什么事情/东西”eg.Whatisacceptableinonecountrymaybeconsideredextremelyrudeinanother.(45-10)两种从句中各自特有的引导词eg.Afterrealizingwhathehaddone,thedriverdidn’tstophiscarbutdroveawayquickly.(华普三)eg.Ialsofoundthatsuccessiswhatsatisfiedme.(华普二).eg.IhavenoideawhatIshoulddonext.作主语作宾语作主语作宾语名词性从句中几组易混引导词的辨析whatthatwhatwhichwhybecausethatwhatthateg.Whatkidsshouldkeepinmindisthatinmostcases,yourparentscanrelatetowhatyou’regoingthroughbecausetheywereteensonce.(45-18)连接代词，作成分,“什么,什么事情/东西”连接词，不作成分,无含义作主语不做成分whatwhicheg.You’llknowwhatsideeffectthemedicinewillbringabout.(周报31)eg.Youcanchoosewhichoneyoulikebestfromthesebooks.连接代词，作定语,+n无范围连接代词，作定语,+n有明确范围whybecauseeg.Iwaslateforclassthismorning.That’sbecauseIhadn’tcaughttheearliestbus.引导表语从句表原因连接副词，不作成分,“为什么”，+结果that连接副词，不作成分,“因为”，+原因Reason作主句主语，表语从句引导词只能用thateg.Ihadn’tcaughttheearliestbus.That’swhyIwaslateforclassthismorning.eg.ThereasonwhyIwaslateforclassthismorningisthatIdidn’tcaughttheearliestbus.原因结果结构相同，从句类型与引导词的选择1.______(s)+V1+其他+V2+其他______+V1+其他,S+V2+其他Aseg.Therefore,whatweneedtodoisrecognizeandreviseourmistakesandlearnfromthem.(分科综合卷二)eg.Whathedidwas(to)waveateveryonewhopassedby.(分科综合卷三)eg.Whatisimportantisthatastheearthcooleddownwaterbegantoappearonitssurface.(总复习P216)eg.Asisknowntousall,MoYanisagreatwriter.非限主从2.V+_____(从句)Vt+宾从/It+Vi+主从eg.Now,doyouknowwhoinventedthepotatochip?(45-9)eg.WordcamethatMr.ObamawouldmakeavisittoChina.Vi+同位从宾从同位从eg.Itseemsthatshecan’tcontrolherselfwell,justclickingconstantlywiththemouse.(45-15)3.prep+_____(从句)eg.Thankyouforwhatyou’vesaid.(歙州学校10月月考)eg.Haveyousentthank-younotestotherelativesfromwhomyoureceivedgifts?(2012·上海)定从宾从()()4.n+_____(从句)eg.ThereisnodoubtthatwebenefitmuchfromtheInternet.(华普五)eg.Sotheylookedaroundforasoccerclubthat/whichwouldbeabletodothisforthem.(45-8)定从同位从定从与同位从的区别①被修饰词②性质上③引导词定从:名词,代词,主句的一部分或整个句子同位从:idea,fact,news等有一定内涵的名词定从:相当于adj，修饰限定先行词同位从:相当于n,说明或解释前面的抽象性名词定从:which代替先行词(单独)同位从:有how,whether,what5.It形主eg.Itwas4o’clockwhenthefrontdoorbellrang.(45-7)eg.Itwasat4o’clockthatthefrontdoorbellrang.代词定从强调句型eg.Itwasobviousthattheelephantcould,atanytime,breakawayfromtheirboundsbutforsomereason,theydidnot.(45-11)强调定从主从①引导词比较（共有与特有）②结构相同，从句类型的判断