AIDS艾滋(英文)

AIDSByWeiWei,ZhouYuting,LiLisha,GuanXingya1.ConceptAcquiredimmunedeficiency（[di'fiʃənsi]）syndrome（['sindrəum]）（获得性免疫缺陷综合症）oracquiredimmunodeficiency（[i'mju:nəudi'fiʃənsi]）syndrome(AIDS)isadiseaseofthehumanimmunesystemcausedbythehumanimmunodeficiencyvirus(HIV)（人类免疫不全病毒）.Itistransmittedthroughdirectcontactofamucousmembrane（['mju:kəs]['membrein]粘膜)orthebloodstream(血液流动)withabodilyfluidcontainingHIV,suchasblood,semen,vaginalfluid,preseminalfluid,andbreastmilk.2.HISTORYGeneticresearchindicatesthatHIVoriginatedinwest-centralAfricaduringthelatenineteenthorearlytwentiethcentury.AIDSwasfirstrecognizedbytheU.S.CentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionin1981anditscause,HIV,identifiedintheearly1980s.AIDSisnowapandemic.3.CAUSEa)SexualtransmissionThemajorityofHIVinfectionsareacquiredthroughunprotectedsexualrelationsbetweenpartners,oneofwhomhasHIV.TheprimarymodeofHIVinfectionworldwideisthroughsexualcontactbetweenmembersoftheoppositesex.b)Exposuretoblood-bornepathogens(['pæθədʒən]病原体)Thistransmissionrouteisparticularlyrelevanttointravenous（['intrə'vi:nəs]静脉）drugusers,hemophiliacs（[,hi:mə'filiæk]）andrecipients（[ri'sipiənt]）ofbloodtransfusionsandbloodproducts.SharingandreusingsyringescontaminatedwithHIV-infectedbloodrepresentsamajorriskforinfectionwithHIV.c)Perinatal（[,peri'neitəl]产期的）transmissionThetransmissionofthevirusfromthemothertothechildcanoccurinutero（子宫）duringthelastweeksofpregnancyandatchildbirth.4.SymptomsThesymptomsofAIDSareprimarilytheresultofconditionsthatdonotnormallydevelopinindividualswithhealthyimmunesystems.OpportunisticinfectionsarecommoninpeoplewithAIDS.Theseinfectionsaffectnearlyeveryorgansystem.PeoplewithAIDSalsohaveanincreasedriskofdevelopingvariouscancerssuchasKaposi'ssarcoma（[sɑ:'kəumə]特发性出血性肉瘤）,cervical（['sə:vikəl]颈部的）cancerandcancersoftheimmunesystemknownaslymphomas（[lim'fəumə]淋巴瘤）.Additionally,peoplewithAIDSoftenhavesystemicsymptomsofinfectionlikefevers,sweats(particularlyatnight),swollenglands（[glænd]）,chills,weakness,andweightloss.5.Preventiona)Becarefulaboutyoursexualcontact.b)HIV-infectedmothersshouldavoidbreast-feedingtheirinfant.c)HealthcareworkerscanreduceexposuretoHIVbyemployingprecautions（预防措施）toreducetheriskofexposuretocontaminated（[kən'tæmineitid]受感染的）blood.d)Themostimportantwaytochangeriskybehaviorishealtheducation.6.TreatmentAlthoughtreatmentsforAIDSandHIVcanslowthecourseofthedisease,thereiscurrentlynovaccineorcure.Antiretroviral（抗逆转录病毒的）treatmentreducesboththemortality（[mɔ:'tæliti]死亡率）andthemorbidity（[mɔ:'biditi]发病率）,butthesedrugsareexpensiveandroutineaccesstoantiretroviralmedicationisnotavailableinallcountries.7.CurrentSituationIn2007,itwasestimatedthat33.2millionpeoplelivedwiththediseaseworldwide,andthatAIDSkilledanestimated2.1millionpeople,including330,000children.Overthree-quartersofthesedeathsoccurredinsub-SaharanAfrica,retarding（[ri'tɑ:d]减缓）economicgrowthanddestroyinghumancapital.Thanks!