Renaissance文艺复兴时期的英国文学

LiteratureoftheRenaissance(1485–early17thcentury)TheRenaissanceThreeStages–1485to15581509HenryVIII1534AnglicanChurch(establishedchurch)–TheElizabethanAge(1558-1603)1588Defeatofthe“SpanishArmada”–TheJacobeanperiod(1603-1625)Literature--proseThomasMore(1478-1535)WilliamTyndale(1495-1536)JohnLily(1554-1606)PhilipSidney(1554-1586)–Arcadia(1590)ThomasNash(1567-1601)–TheUnfortunateTraveller(1594)KingJamesBible(1611)FrancisBacon(1561-1626)Literature--poetryCourtpoets–SirThomasWyatt(1503-1542)–HenryHoward,EarlofSurrey(1517-1547)Elizabethanpoets–SirPhilipSidney(1554-1586)–WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)–EdmundSpencer(1552-1599)Early17thcentury–BenJohnsonand“SonsofBen”–JohnDonneandtheMetaphysicalpoetsLiterature--dramaMoralityplaysandinterludesThomasKyd–“TheSpanishTragedy”ChristopherMarloweWilliamShakespeareBenJohnsonJohnWebsterPoeticdrama:–thedialogueiswritteninverse,whichinEnglishisusuallyblankverse…ThomasMore(1478-1535)UtopiaBriefHistoryofUtopiaPlato:RepublicTammasoCampanella:CityoftheSun(1602)FrancisBacon:NewAtlantis(1627)EdwardBellamy:LookingBackward(1888)WilliamMorris:NewsfromNowhere(1890)KarelCapek:R.U.R(1920)AndyWachowski:TheMatrix(1999)OtherworksJonathanSwift:Gulliver’sTravelsSamuelButler:ErewhonAldousHuxley:BraveNewWorldGeorgeOrwell:NineteenEighty-FourAnthonyBurgess:AClockworkOrangeWilliamTyndaleandKingJamesBibleJohnLily(1554-1606)EuphuesortheAnatomyofWit,1578EuphuesandHisEngland,1580Euphuisticstyle–TheSunneshinethuponthedounghill,andisnotcorrupted:theDiamondlyethinthefire,anditisnotconsumed:theChristalltoucheththeToadeandisnotpoysoned:thebirdeTrochiluslyuethbythemouthoftheCrocodileandisnotspoyled:aperfectwitisneverbewitchedwithlewdnesse,neitherentisedwithlasciuousnesse.SirThomasWyatt(1503-1542)LovelyricSonnetlyricAlyricisanyfairlyshortpoem,consistingoftheutterancebyasinglespeaker,whoexpressesastateofmindoraprocessofperception,thought,andfeeling.HenryHoward,EarlofSurrey(1517-1547)LovelyricsSonnetBlankverseTottel’sMiscellany(1557)SonnetAlyricpoemconsistingofasinglestanzaof14iambicpentameterlineslinkedbyanintricaterhymescheme.TherearetwomajorpatternsofrhymeinsonnetswrittenintheEnglishlanguage:–ItalianorPetrarchansonnet–EnglishorShakespeareansonnet–M.H.AbramsSonnet1Origin–Dante(1265-1321)–FrancescoPetrarch(1304-1374)Italiansonnet–Content–FormEnglishsonnet–Content–FormSirPhilipSidney(1554-1586)AstrofilandStella(1582)–PenelopeDevereux–“WithHowSadSteps,OMoon”WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)154sonnets–Sonnet12WhenIlookattheclockandnoticetimetickingaway–Sonnet18ShallIcomparetheetoasummer’sday?JohnDonne(1572-1631)HolySonnet10–Death,benotproudJohnMilton(1608-1674)“OntheLateMassacreinPiedmont”LatersonneteersWilliamWordsworthPercyByssheShelleyElizabethBrowningWilliamButlerYeats…EdmundSpenserSpenserianstanzainTheFaerieQueene–eightlinesiniambicpentameter–asingleninthlineiniambichexameter–ababbcbccOtherusersofSpenserianstanza–LordByron–JohnKeats–Shelly–…ThecavalierpoetsBenJohnson(1572-1637)RobertHerrick(1591-1674)“Forthemlifeisfartooenjoyableformuchofittobespentsweatingoverversesinastudy.Thepoemsmustbewrittenintheintervalsofliving,andarecelebratoryofthingsthataremuchlivelierthanmerephilosophyorart.”--RobinSkeltonTheCavalierPoetsRobertHerrick(1591-1674)TotheVirgins,toMakeMuchofTimeGatheryerose-budswhileyemay,OldTimeisstilla-flying:Andthissameflowerthatsmilestoday,Tomorrowwillbedying.Thegloriouslampofheaven,theSun,Thehigherhe'sa-getting,Thesoonerwillhisraceberun,Andnearerhe'stosetting.Thatageisbestwhichisthefirst,Whenyouthandbloodarewarmer;Butbeingspent,theworse,andworstTimes,stillsucceedtheformer.Thenbenotcoy,butuseyourtime:Andwhileyemay,gomarry:Forhavinglostbutonceyourprime,Youmayforevertarry.Inspiration/sourceDecimusMagnusAusonius(AD310-394or395)–Collige,virgo,rosas,dumflosnovusetnovapubes,/etmemorestoaevumsicproperaretuum.–Maidens,gatherroses,whilebloomsarefreshandyouthisfresh,andbemindfulthatyourlife-timehastesaway.carpediemHorace(65BC-8BC)–carpediem,quamminimumcredulapostero.–Seizetheday,trustingaslittleaspossibleinthefuture.Similarpoems“TheFlowerThatSmilesToday”(PercyByssheShelley)“Sincefeelingisfirst”(e.e.cummings)ThemetaphysicalsTime(theearlyandmid-17thcentury)WittyConceit–Originallymeaningaconceptorimage,“conceit”cametobethetermforfiguresofspeechwhichestablishastrikingparallel,usuallyingeniouslyelaborate,betweentwoverydissimilarthingsorsituations.–M.H.AbramsCirculationofworksThemetaphysicalpoetsJohnDonneGeorgeHerbertAndrewMarvell“ToHisCoyMistressHadwebutworldenough,andtime.Thiscoyness,lady,werenocrime.WewouldsitdownandthinkwhichwayTowalk,andpassourlonglove'sday;ThoubytheIndianGanges'sideShouldstrubiesfind;IbythetideOfHumberwouldcomplain.IwouldLoveyoutenyearsbeforetheFlood;Andyoushould,ifyouplease,refuseTilltheconversionoftheJews.MyvegetableloveshouldgrowVasterthanempires,andmoreslow.…ButatmybackIalwayshearTime'swingedchariothurryingnear;AndyonderallbeforeuslieDesertsofvasteternity.…Nowletussportuswhilewemay;Andnow,likeam'rousbirdsofprey,Rat