《现在完成时态》ppt课件

PresentPerfectTensePresentperfecttense现在完成时构成:用法一：表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果.现在完成时这一时态强调是过去动作与现在的联系,也就是强调现在的影响和结果.have/has+done(过去分词)现在完成时用来表示已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果和现在有联系，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在。例如：eg:Ihavelostmyweddingring.我丢了我的结婚戒指（这一动作虽然发生在过去，但影响持续到现在，其结果是我现在没有结婚戒指了）IhavesenthimaChristmascard.Hehasjustboughtanewhouse.现在完成时和一般过去式的区别：1）一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。表示纯粹的过去，与现在没有联系。而现在完成时强调过去的动作与现在的关系。对现在产生的结果，影响等。Ihavelostmybag.(现在还没找到)Ilostmybag.(丢了钱包，现在是否找到，不知道)Mrs.SmithlivedinBeijingforsevenyears.(史密斯太太已不再住在北京)Mrs.SmithhaslivedinBeijingforsevenyears.(史密斯太太还住在北京)1.都表示过去发生的事2.现在完成时强调过去和现在的联系，不能和具体的时间状语连用；3.一般过去时强调过去发生的事或状态与表示过去的具体时间连用（last,ago,yesterday,etc.）presentpastIhavelivedherefortwoyearsIlivedthere2yearsago2）现在完成时与现在有联系，过去时表示的过去时间的经历，与现在没有联系。所以如果动作发生在特定的过去时间，如lastnight,yesterday,threedaysago,justnow,in1998等则不能用现在完成时，必须用一般过去时。试比较：Thefilmhasbeenontenminutesago.(╳)Thefilmbegantenminutesago.(√)Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes.(√)3)询问某事过去发生的具体时间，具体地点时必须用一般过去时，Whendidyouloseyourluggage?Wheredidtheyleavefor?eg.1.Hehadhisbreakfastat6:00Hehashadhisbreakfast.2.Whendidyoucomehere?IwatchedthefootballmatchonTVat9:00.Exercises1.I________(have)lunchalready.2.Hasthetrain_______(arrive),yet?3.Tome____never_______(beto)China.4.Thetwin______just_____(see)myfather.5.Thetwins____(see)myfatherjustnow.6.Manytallbuildings____________(build)inthepast5years.havehadarrivedhasbeentohasseensawhavebeenbuilt现在完成时与一般现在时的区别：1.一般现在时和现在完成时都可以与often,always,seldom,never等副词连用，但意义不同。现在完成时强调一段特定时间里反复发生的情况，而一般现在时强调一般情况，说明主语的特征。试比较：eg:Hehasalwayshelpedus（到目前为止）Healwayshelpsus.(一贯如此)Ihaveseldomwatchedcartoonsthesedays.(这几天的情况)Iseldomwatchcartoons.（一贯如此）Adverbsoftimealreadyeveryetneverjustthesedaysrecentlyinthepasttenyearslatelyinthelasttwoyearsfor+段时间(foralongtime,fortwomonthssince+点时间(sincetwoyearsago,sincethismorning)Ihavecomebackjustnow.Icamebackjustnow.Whenhaveyouseenhim?Whendidyouseehim?When不与现在完成时连用。它只有过去时或将来时，因为它表示确切的时间。××用法二：for+段时间since+点时间since+句子（过去时）E.g.Katehaslivedherefor3years.Katehaslivedheresince3yearsago.KatehaslivedheresinceshecametoChina.表示过去某个时间开始的动作或存在的状态，一直持续到现在并可能还将持续下去。动词使用延续性动词。常与for或since引导的时间连用Myfatherhasn’tsmokedfortwomonths,Heistryingtogiveitup.我父亲已经有两个月没有抽烟了。他现在在努力戒烟。TheyhavestayedinthishotelsincelastTuesday.WehavelearnedEnglishforaboutthreeyears.have/hasgonetohave/hasbeentohave/hasbeeninhave/hasgoneto:已经去了或在途中，还没有返回；eg:1)WherehasJohngone?Ican’tfindhimanywhere.(John不在说话地方)2)MaryhasgonetoHongKong(Mary不在说话地方，可能在香港，可能在路上)have/hasgonetohave/hasbeentohave/hasbeeninhave/hasbeento:曾今去过某地，现在已经回来了,后面可接表示“次数”的状语;John,Wherehaveyoubeen?(现在John已经回来，在说话的地方)WherehaveyoubeentoBeijing?(你在说话地方)have/hasgonetohave/hasbeentohave/hasbeeninhave/hasbeenin:表示某人“已在某地停留一段时间，现仍在那里”，其后常带表示一段时间的状语。IhavebeeninBritainforthenyears.ExercisesTom在哪儿？他去书店买书了。我在北京待了5年了。Jack去过上海两次了-WhereisTom?-Hehasgonetothebookshoptobuysomebooks.IhavebeeninBeijingfor5years.JackhasbeentoShanghaitwice.Correcting1.Ihaveborrowedthebookfor3months.2.Mybotherhasjoinedthearmysincehewas18.3.JackandTomhavelivedheresince5years.4.ThefilmhasbeenonsinceIhavecometothecinema.5.WhenhasMr.Licaughtabadcold?havekepthasbeenin/beenamemberofthearmysince5yearsago/for5yearscamedidcatch6.Tenyearshavepassedsincetheygotmarried.7.JimhasgonetoBeijingfor2years.8.Whattimehavethefactoryopened?9.IhavegonetoChunhuaMiddleSchooltwicehashasbeenindidopenbeentoHaveyougonetoAmerica?(误)HaveyoubeentoAmerica?(正)1._____you_______toJapanbefore?2.Hisfatherisn'tathome.He_______thesupermarketnow.3.Whereisyourclassteacher?She_______thelibrary.4.Lindaandherparents_______toFrancetwice.重点句型:Itis/hasbeen+段时间+since从句段时间+haspassed+since从句eg.他死了两年了：Hediedtwoyearsago.Hehasbeendeadfortwoyears/sincetwoyearsagoItis/hasbeentwoyearssincehedied.Twoyearshaspassedsincehedied瞬间动词与现在完成时瞬间动词不能用于持续性用法（表示一个从过去开始持续到现在的用法）必须将瞬间动词转换成持续性动词。她父母已经死了十年了。Herparentshavediedfortenyears.(╳)Herparentshavebeendeadfortenyears.(√)Ihaveboughtanewapartmentforamonth错误Ihavehadanewapartmentforamonth正确常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转变arrive/come/goto/reachborrowleavebuyjoinstart/beginfinish/enddiebeinhavekeepbeawaybein/amemberofbeonbeoverbedeadExercisesHisfatherhasdied.(for2years)Thefootballmatchhasbegun.(since9:00a.m)Thetwinshavejoinedthearmy.(sincetheyare18yearsold)MyteacherhasjustleftNanjing.(for3days)Hisfatherhasbeendeadfor2years.Thefootballmatchhasbeenonsince9:00a.m.Thetwinshavebeensoldiers/beeninthearmysincetheyare18yearsold.MyteacherhasbeenawayfromNanjingfor3days1.这本书我借了一个月了。Iborrowedthisbookamonthago.Itis/hasbeenamonthsinceIborrowedthebook.Ihavekeptthebookforamonth./sinceamonthago.AmonthhaspassedsinceIborrowedthebook.常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转变arrive/come/gotodiebecomeaborrowLeave/movebuyopenjoinstart/beginfinish/endcatchacoldgetupgettoknowgetoutclosewakeupgotosleepbecomeinterestedinbeinbedeadhavekeepbeaway/beoutbeabein/amemberofbeopenbeonbeoverhaveacoldbeupknowbeoutbeclosedbeawakebeasleep/sleepbeinterestedinExercisesIamanAmericanboyIcametoChinatwoyearsago.I_____(study)herefortwoyears.Myfatheroften(take)me___