英语国家概况 第四单元ppt 超级详细!

CollegeofForeignLanguages,HainanNormalUniversityaparliamentarydemocracyandaconstitutionalmonarchyAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesChapter3GovernmentandtheCommonwealthOct,2014CollegeofForeignLanguages,HainanNormalUniversityaparliamentarydemocracyandaconstitutionalmonarchyAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountries2020/3/292PoliticalPartiesConstitutionGovernmentElectionTheCommonwealthIIIIIIIVVCONTENTCollegeofForeignLanguages,HainanNormalUniversityaparliamentarydemocracyandaconstitutionalmonarchyAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountries2020/3/293ConstitutionISystemofBritishgovernmentaparliamentarydemocracywithaconstitutionalmonarchy议会民主制和君主立宪制BritishConstitutionismadeupof(P30,3):StatutoryLaw:passedbyParliament(MagnaCarta,BillofRights)CommonLaw:case-law;judge-madelawConventions:rulesandpracticeswhichdonotexistlegally,butareregardedasvitaltotheworkingofgovernmente.g.TheMonarchshallgranttheRoyalAssenttoallBillspassedbyParliament.Themonarchwillacceptandactontheadviceoftheirministers,whoareresponsibletoParliamentforthatadvice.ThePrimeMinisteroftheUnitedKingdomistheleaderoftheparty(orcoalitionofparties)withanabsolutemajorityofseatsintheHouseofCommons.•Ex.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECT?(TEM8,2010)A.TheBritishconstitutionincludestheMagnaCartaof1215.B.TheBritishconstitutionincludesParliamentaryacts.C.TheBritishconstitutionincludesdecisionsmadebycourtsoflaw.D.TheBritishconstitutionincludesonesinglewrittenconstitution.(P30,2)CollegeofForeignLanguages,HainanNormalUniversityaparliamentarydemocracyandaconstitutionalmonarchyAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountries2020/3/294Monarch(non-political)Theoretically…Inreality…Theimportanceofthemonarchy…Monarchreignsbutdoesnotrule!LegislatureParliamentLaw-makingbodyExecutiveGovernmentDecidingpoliciestakentoparliamentMakingsurethelawsbeingcarriedoutJudiciaryLawLords高等法官(non-political)HouseofCommons(political)650MPsHouseofLords(semi-political)724LordsPrimeMinister(political)SupremeCourt最高法院CourtofAppeals上诉法院BasicStructureofUKCentralGovernmentII•TheLordsTemporal:俗职lifepeers终身贵族:587hereditarypeers世袭贵族:92LawLords高等法官(SupremeCourt):19•TheLordsSpiritual:神/灵职26archbishops:2bishops:24•Function:toexamineandrevisebills;toactinalegalcapacity•centerofparliamentarypower(P33,3)•“MPs”representingtheirconstituencies•Threemajorfunctions(P33,4):todraftnewlawstoscrutinizetheactionsofthegovernmenttoinfluencethefuturegovernmentpolicyleaderofthemajoritypartyheadofthegovernmentcontrollingtheParliamentCenterofBritishpoliticalsystemsupremedecision-makingbodychosenbythePrimeMinisterCabinetministers(political)Civilservice(non-political)HighCourtCrownCourtMagistrates’CourtCriminalbranchHighCourtCountyCourtMagistrates’CourtCivilbranchCollegeofForeignLanguages,HainanNormalUniversityaparliamentarydemocracyandaconstitutionalmonarchyAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountries2020/3/295ThePoliticalPartiesIIIPoliticalParties3typesofpartysystems:(1)one-partysystems(2)two-partysystems(3)multi-partysystemsChina:Asystemofmulti-partycooperationandpoliticalconsultationundertheleadershipoftheCPCCollegeofForeignLanguages,HainanNormalUniversityaparliamentarydemocracyandaconstitutionalmonarchyAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountries2020/3/296TheConservativeParty保守党WinstonChurchill1940-1945,1951–1955MargaretThatcher1979-1990DevelopmentBeingestablishedin1830s,fromtheToryfoundedin1678Characteristicssupportingfreeenterprise自由企业andprivatization私有化ofstate-ownedenterprisereducingtheinfluenceoftradeunionsandminimizingexpendituresonsocialwelfarelowtaxesPolicies:pragmatismandabeliefinindividualism(国家对经济、政治的)不干涉主义，自由放任主义Supportersmiddleandupper-middleclass(landowners,businessmen)the“Right”Periodsinpower1915-22coalition;1922-24;1924-29;1931-45coalition;1951-64;1970-74;1974-1979coalition;1979-1997;2010coalitionCollegeofForeignLanguages,HainanNormalUniversityaparliamentarydemocracyandaconstitutionalmonarchyAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountries2020/3/297TheLaborParty工党TonyBlair1997-2007GordonBrown2007-2010Developmentbeingcreatedin1900replacingLiberals自由党asoneoftwomajorpartiesby1929CharacteristicsBelievinginanegalitarian:asocialistpartyHightaxesProvidingpublicservice:socialwelfare,education,publictransportSettingupNationalHealthService(NHS)国民医疗保健制度SettingupwelfarepaymentsNationalizingindustriesSupportersWorkingclassandcommonpeoplethe“Left”Periodsinpower1924,1929-31,1931-45coalition;1945-51,1964-70,1974-1979coalition;1997-2010CollegeofForeignLanguages,HainanNormalUniversityaparliamentarydemocracyandaconstitutionalmonarchyAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountries2020/3/298ConservativePartyTimeLaborPartyComparativeDescriptiononthe2majorpartiesMid-19thC(old)20thC(young)CollegeofForeignLanguages,HainanNormalUniversityaparliamentarydemocracyandaconstitutionalmonarchyAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountries2020/3/299ConservativePartyMeasuresLaborPartyComparativeDescriptiononthe2majorpartiesNationalHealthService(NHS)welfarepaymentsNationalizingindustriesPrivatizationofnationalizedindustrieslesswelfarepayments&publicserviceCollegeofForeignLanguages,HainanNormalUniversityaparliamen