英语国家概况(修订版)Chapter 14

AGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountries英语国家概况CanadaGeographyandHistory英语国家概况Chapter14ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesGeographyIHistoryIICONTENTForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesGeography1.2GeographicRegionsandClimate1.1LocationandSize1.3MajorCitiesForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountries1.WhichofthefollowingdescriptionsiscorrectaboutCanada?thesecondlargestcountryintheworldlocatedintheNorthAmericancontinentAtlanticintheeast,Pacificinthewest,ArcticOceantothenorthsharelandborderswiththeUnitedStatestothesouthandnorthwestCanadahasthelongestcoastlineintheworld.1.1LocationandSize√√√√√ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountries2.HowmanygeographicregionsisCanadadividedinto?TheAtlanticRegionTheCentralRegionThePrairieRegionThePacificRegionTheNorthernRegion3.Canada’svastterritoryanduniquetopographyresultinaclimatewithwideregionalvariations.Canyoufigureoutwhattheweatherislikeintheaboveregions?1.2GeographicRegionsandClimateacontinentalclimateamoderateclimatecoldwinter,hotsummer,sparseprecipitationtemperaturebelowzeroforsevenmonthsForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesRockyMountainsmountainrangeformingthecordilleran(山脉，山系)backboneofthegreatuplandsystemthatdominatesthewesternNorthAmericancontinent.stretchfromnorthernAlberta(亚伯达，加拿大西部之一省)andBritishColumbia(不列颠哥伦比亚省)southwardtoNewMexicopeak:MountElbertinColoradoat14,440feet(4,401m)abovesealevel1.2GeographicRegionsandClimateForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesthecapitalofCanadathecountry'sfourthlargestcitylocatedintheOttawaValleyliesonthebanksoftheOttawaRiverahumidcontinentalclimatetheseventhcoldestcapitalintheworldbyannualaveragetemperature,butranksthethirdbymeansofJanuarytemperaturenickname:Bytown1.3MajorCities—Ottawa(Left)AhouseisbarelyvisiblefrombeneaththeheavyOttawasnowfall.ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountrieslocatedonthenorthwesternshoreofLakeOntariothelargestcityinCanadatheprovincialcapitalofOntarioCanada’sfinancialcapitalthefifthmostpopulousmunicipalityinNorthAmericaranks14thintheworldwithover4milliontouristarrivalsperyearahumidcontinentalclimateoneofthesafestmajorcitiesinNorthAmericawithalowcrimerate1.3MajorCities—TorontoForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountries1.3MajorCities—Torontothetallesttowerinthewesternhemisphere,theworld'ssecondtallestfreestandingstructureForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesthesecondlargestcityinCanadathelargestcityintheCanadianprovinceofQuebecusedtobethelargestcityinCanadaandindustrialandfinancialcentreofCanadaTheofficiallanguageofMontrealisFrench.thelargestFrench-speakingcityinNorthAmerica,andsecondintheworldafterParishumidcontinentalclimate1.3MajorCities—MontrealMontreal'sUndergroundCitythelargestundergroundcomplexintheworldForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesacoastalcityandmajorseaportinsouthwesternBritishColumbiathethirdlargestinthecountryranksoneofthethreemostlivablecitiesintheworldethnicallydiverse,with52%ofcityresidentsand43%ofmetroresidentshavingafirstlanguageotherthanEnglishtemperateclimatethesecondlargestChinatowninNorthAmericaafterSanFrancisco1.3MajorCities—VancouverChineseNewYearParadetotheuseandenjoymentofpeopleofallcolors,creedsandcustomsofalltimeForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesSecondlargestChinatownCanadaVancouver'sChinatownisthelargestinCanada,andthesecondlargestinNorthAmerica,afterSanFrancisco.TodaytheChinesearethelargestethnicgroupinVancouver.Sincethe1980s,immigrationhasdramaticallyincreased,makingthecitymoreethnicallyandlinguisticallydiverseandalmost30%ofthecity'sinhabitantsareofChineseheritage.1.3MajorCities—VancouverForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesStanleyPark(斯坦利公园)Itwasopenedin1888,andlocatedinVancouver,BritishColumbia,CanadaaNationalHistoricSiteofCanadaattractions:forest,bodiesofwater,recreationalfacilities,animalsandmonuments1.3MajorCities—VancouverForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesHistory2.2EuropeanSettlement2.1DiscoveryandExploration2.3BritishCanada2.4CanadianNation2.5CanadaSince1980sForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesThename“Canada”isderivedfromtheHuronword“Kanata”,meaning“avillageorsettlement”.Huron(休伦语)languageofNorthAmericanIndianswholivedalongtheSt.LawrenceRiverwhenitwasdiscoveredin1534TheHuronlivedinvillages,consistingoflarge,bark-covereddwellingsthathousedseveralfamilieswhowererelatedthroughmaternaldescent.2.1DiscoveryandExplorationForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesIn1497,JohnCabot,anItalianseacaptain,sailedwestfromBritain,searchingforanewroutetoAsia.ThisvoyageledtothediscoveryofCanada,whichCabotclaimedasNewfoundland.TheFrenche