中学生英语学习常见错误一览表

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-1-Aa[误]IthinkitisanusefulEnglishdictionary.[正]IthinkitisausefulEnglishdictionary.[析]在不定冠词a与an的用法中要注意的一点是:an用在以元音开头的词之前;而a则用在以辅音开头的词之前。要特别注意的是以u字母打头的单词,如useful,university等,其第一个音标是[j[误]Ineedahourtofinishthisletter.[正]Ineedanhourtofinishthisletter.[析]要注意hour和honest[误]Myteacherisaunknownman,butheisaverygoodman.[正]Myteacherisanunknownman,butheisaverygoodman.[析]要注意以uan,如uncle等。[误]Thereisafinthewordfootball.[正]Thereisanfinthewordfootball.[析]英文字母单独使用时,如其第一个发音是元音时,其前面的不定冠词应该用an而不是a.[误]Ihavealittlebrother.Heisa8yearoldboy.[正]Ihavealittlebrother.Heisan8yearoldboy.[析]要注意这些字母的第一个发音为元音,如eight,eleven等。able[误]Thisbikeisabletoberepaired.[正]Thisbikecanberepaired.[析]beableto主要表达某事或某人具有某种能力去作某事,应译为有本领、有能力、可以作某事,如:I'mabletoswimacrossthisriver.而can可以用来表示具有接受能力或吸收能力。如:Thisradiocanberepairedhere.about[误]Thisclassisabouttobeginjustnow.[正]Thisclassisabouttobegin.[析]要注意beaboutto是将要的意思,含有将来时之意,不要与表示过去时的时间状语连用。另外,beaboutto一般用作书面语,对应的口语是begoing-2-to.aboutonabout与on都可以作关于讲,但却有所不同,例如:Thisbookisaboutphysics.应译为这是一本关于物理学的科普读物。而:Thisbookisonphysics.则应译为这是一本物理学方面的专著。above[误]Thetemperatureisfivedegreesoverzero.[正]Thetemperatureisfivedegreesabovezero.[析]表达在……上方时,above与over是可以互换的,如:Theskyisabove(orover)ourheads.但是要表达在垂直方向上的上方时则应用above不可用over,如:Thesunhasrisenabovethehorizon.[误]ThereisoftenthickcloudabovetheSouthofChinainsummer.[正]ThereisoftenthickcloudovertheSouthofChinainsummer.[析]当表达覆盖之意时,只可用over而不能用above.[误]Thereisabridgeabovetheriver.[正]Thereisabridgeovertheriver.[析]用来表达从……上方越过时不能用above只能用over,如:Theplaneflewoverthecity.但要注意Thereiswaterfallabovethebridge.则应译为在桥的上游有一个瀑布。across[误]Heranacrossthewood.[正]Heranthroughthewood.[析]across是指某一动作在一平面内进行,而through则是指该动作在一三维立体空间的运动过程。如:Themancameinthroughthewindow.Hewalkedacrossthesquare.acrossacross的主要用法有两个。其一,意为对面,如:Thereisaschooljustacrossthestreet.其二,意为横过,如:Hewalkedacrossthestreet.afraid[误]Idont'tafraidofhim.[正]Iamnotafraidofhim.[析]要注意害怕afraid一词在英语中不是动词,而是形容词,要与be动词after[误]Twoweeksafterheleft.[正]Twoweekslaterheleft.[正]Heleftaftertwoweeks.[析]要表达在多少时间之后,英语中有两种表达法,即:用later时,要-3-时间在前,如threehourslater;而用after时要时间在后,如afterthreehours.[误]Myfatherwillbebackafterafewhours.[正]Myfatherwillbebackinafewhours.[析]受中文的影响,这个介词常常被误用。当你要表达在一段时间内某个动作可以完成时,一定要用in,而不能用after,因为after是指在某一时间之后。例如:Thisworkwillbedoneintwodays.即表明在两天内这一工作一定会做完。而如用了after,afterbehindafter多用于表示顺序的前后,如:ShewalkedinthelineafterTom.或用来表示追赶,表示一种动态,如:HeranafterMary.而behind多用于强调先进与落后,如:Sheismuchbehindtheothergirlsinsewing.或者用于表达迟于,如:Thetrainwastenminutesbehindthetimetable.或者与表示静态的动词连用,如:Shehidherselfbehindtheflowers.afternoon[误]Heworkedveryhardinahotafternoon.[正]Heworkedveryhardonahotafternoon.[析]习惯用的词组intheafternoon,如果加入任何修饰词后其前面的介词in都要改为on,不论其修饰词在前还是在后,如:HeswaminthisriverontheafternoonofJunelst.又如:AreyoufreeonSundayafternoon?against[误]Heagainstme.[正]Heisagainstme.[析]要注意against意为反对,但它在英文中却不是动词,而是介词,如要讲反对某事或某人时则要加动词be,如:Heisagainstsomebody/something.againstforagainst意为反对、不赞成;而for则意为同意,为其反意词。如:Areyoufororagainsttheplan?age[误]Heistwentyyearsoldofage.[正]Heistwenty.[正]Heistwentyyearsold.[正]Heisattheageoftwenty.ago[误]Tom'sfatherhasbeendeadfiveyearsago.[正]Tom'sfatherdiedfiveyearsago.[析]ago意为由说话时算起,若干时间以前。它只能和一般动词过去时连用,[误]YesterdayImetafriend.Wedidn'tseeeachotherforalongtimesincewe-4-leftthecollegetwentyyearsago.[正]YesterdayImetafriend.Wehadn'tseeneachotherforalongtimesinceweleftthecollegetwentyyearsago.[析]要注意的是在本句是ago是用在由since引起的从句之中,只是从句应agree[误]Doestheteacheragreetous?[正]Doestheteacheragreewithus?[误]Doesheagreewithourplan?[正]Doesheagreewithus?[析]agreewith指同意某人的提议、建议、计划等。如果要讲同意某项计划则要用agreeto,如:Doyouagreetotheplan?all[误]Theoldmanhastwosons.Allofthemareworkers.[正]Theoldmanhastwosons.Bothofthemareworkers.[析]all是指三者或以上的全部,而both则是指两者都[误]Theallchildrenareplayingfootballnow.[正]Allthechildrenareplayingfootballnow.[析]all作修饰词时其位置要在所有的修饰词之前,不论这些修饰词是定冠[误]Youallareright.[正]Youareallright.[析]all作同位语时其位置要置于be动词之后,实意动词之前,如:Theteachersallworkhard.或用于第一助动词之后,如:Theboyshaveallbeenwaitingfortheirmothers.almost[误]Nearlynobodythinksheisright.[正]Almostnobodythinksheisright.[析]nearly与almost是近意词,其含意差别不大,但是与否定词连用时要用almost,例如:Shebroughtalmostnomoneywithher.此句中的almost不能用nearlyalone[误]Theoldmanlivedlonebuthedidn'tfeellonely.[正]Theoldmanlivedalone,buthedidn'tfeellonely.[析]alone,lone,lonely三个词全具有孤单、孤独之意。但其用法不同:lone可以作定语,而alone则只能作表语,lonelyalready[误]Wearealreadyforthework.[正]Weareallreadyforthework.-5-[析]already是副词,其意为已经,如:Healreadyknewaboutit.而allready为形容词意为准备好alreadyyetalready多用于肯定句中,例如:Thestudentshavealreadyfinishedthework.而yet则多用于疑问句与否定句中,如:Haveyoufinishedityet?Ihaven'tfinishedityet.also[误]Ididn'tfindthedictionaryalso.[正]Ididn'tfindthedictionaryeither.[析]作为也讲,在否定句中要用either而不能用also.alsotooalso与too都可用在肯定句中表示也,但also通常用于be动词或情态动词之后,如:Icanalsodoitmyself.而too一般放于句尾。I'llattendhisclass,too.always[误]Alwaysheaskedhimselfwhyhehadcomehere.[正]Healwaysaskedhimselfwhyhehadcomehere.[析]always一般不能用于句首,它在一般句中的位置是于动词之前第一助动词之后,如:I'vealwaysthoughtheishonest.又如:Heisalwayslate.among[误]Ifthethreeapplesaredividedamongthetwoboyshowmuchwilleachreceive?[正]Ifthethreeapplesaredividedamongthethreeboyshowmuchwilleachreceive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