高考英语语法大全

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【考点点拨】名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。近几年高考对名词性从句的考查重点如下:【考点1】名词性从句中引导词that与what的使用场合。1.that引导名词性从句时,不在从句中充当任何成分,只起连接作用;而what是连接代词,在从句中充当成分。①______madetheschoolproudwas_______morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.(2003上海春季)A.What/becauseB.What/thatC.That/whatD.That/because2.that在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中不可省略,但当有两个和两个以上的宾语从句并列时,第二个从句以下的that不可省略。如:Shesaid(that)shehadleftschoolandthatherparentswouldfindherajob.②Wordcomes________agroupofAustralianguestswillcometovisitourschoolnextweek.A.thatB.whichC.不填D.aboutwhich(2005天津·2月)3.介词后的宾语从句常用what,whether引导,不用that,which引导。但在介词besides,except,in后可用that引导宾语从句。在有it作先行词时,that可用来引导介词后的宾语从句。③Theotherday,mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetat____Ithoughtwasadangerousspeed.A.asB.whichC.whatD.that(2004上海春季)【考点2】名词性从句中引导词whether与if的用法区别。可以互换的场合:A.引导及物动词或形容词后的宾语从句Heisnotsureif/whetherhecanmanagetodoit.B.当与ornot分开使用时Hewonderedif/whetherwewillattendthemeetingornot.只能用whether不能用if的场合:A.引导表语从句、同位语从句及位于句首的主语从句引导介词后的宾语从句(有时可省略)B.后面紧跟ornot时C.后面直接跟动词不定式时④_____theflighttoNewYorkwillbedelayedis____I’mespeciallyworriedabout.(2003南京)A.If;whatB.Whether;thatC.When;thatD.Whether;whatIdon’tknowwhethertogothereatonce.我不知道是不是该立刻去那里。(河北:李亚男)虽引导宾语从句,但为了强调宾语部分,也可把从句放在句首,此时只用whether不用if。WhetherhewillcomeIamnotsure.他是不是来我拿不准。从句作介词宾语时只用whether不用if。Itdependsonwhetheritwillbefine.那得看是不是晴天。作discuss等动词的宾语时,用whether不用if。Wediscussedwhetherweshouldclosetheshop.我们讨论是不是该关掉商店。句子中有if引导的条件句,如再有表示“是否”的宾语从句,用whether不用if。HeaskedmewhetherI’dmovetoNewYorkifIgotthejob.他问我如果我得到那份工作是否会搬家到纽约。如果宾语从句为否定句时,则只用if不用whether。Idon’tknowifitwon'traintomorrow..我不知道明天是不是会下雨在引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时一般用whether不用if。如:⑴Whetheritistrueremainsaquestion.(主语从句)那是不是真的还是个问题。⑵Thequestioniswhetheritistrue.(表语从句)问题是是不是真的。⑶Wehaveadoubtwhetheritistrue.(同位语从句)我们怀疑那是不是真的。注:whether引导主语从句放在主句之后时可用if来代替。Itisunclearwhether/ifhelikesthepresent.他是不是喜欢那个礼物还不清楚。【考点3】在动词:一坚持(insist)、二命令(order,command)、三建议(suggest,advise,propose)、四要求(demand,require,request,ask)后的宾语从句和这些动词的过去分词后的主语从句,以及这些动词的名词引出的表语从句和同位语从句中,谓语部分常用(should)do形式。⑤Iadvisedthathe_____tothehospitalatonce,butheinsistedthathe_____quitewellthen.A.besent;wasfeelingB.wassent;sentC.besent;feelD.shouldbesent;shouldfeel(2005年山东·2月)【考点4】名词性从句的语序只能是陈述句语序,宾语从句的时态应该与主句的谓语动词的时态保持一致。⑥Theyareteachersanddon’trealize______tostartandrunacompany.(2004黄冈)A.whattakesitB.whattheytakeC.whattakesthemD.whatittakes【考点5】whoever,whichever,whatever,whenever,wherever和however在引导名词性从句时不可与nomatterwho/which/what/when/where/how替换,因为后者只能引导让步主语从句。⑦——Haveanicetrip!——Thanks.I’lltelephoneyoufrom_____Igettobytomorrowevening.(2004广州)A.whereverB.everyplaceC.wheneverD.nomatterwhere限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句定语从句可分为限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句。高考对定语从句的考查常涉及以下几个方面:[考点6】正确区别限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的结构;理解关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中的作用;特别注意指代整个主句内容的关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句。⑧Ishallneverforgettheday_____ShenzhouVwaslaunched,_____hasagreateffectonmylife.A.when;whichB.that;whichC.which;thatD.when;that(2004北京东城)【考点7】关系代词that,who,which以及as的用法区别。指人时常只用who不用that的情况;指物时只用which不用that的情况;只用that不用which的情况;关系代词as与which的用法区别;thesame…that…与thesame…as…的区别⑨Thereisnosuchplace______youdreamofinallthisworld.(2004北京西城·5月)A.thatB.whatC.whichD.as【考点8】区别that引导的定语从句与that引导的同位语从句。that引导同位语从句时,that是纯连词,在从句中不充当任何成分;that引导定语从句时,that是关系代词,在从句中充当主语或宾语等。比较:Thenewsthattheyhadwonthegamearrivedsoon.Thenewsthatyoutoldmeyesterdayistrue.⑩Isthisthereason_____atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?(2002上海春季)A.heexplainedB.whatheexplainedC.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained【考点9】定语从句中谓语动词须与先行词在人称与数上保持一致。⑾Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho________awinnerofscholarshipinthreeyears.A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeen(2002上海春季)【考点10】在先行词为time,place,reason时,常可用that代替when,where,why,并常常省去。如:Thatwasthereason(that)/why/forwhichhelefthome.⑿Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut_______hesaidit.(2004湖北)A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich答案:BACDADAADADA1.Theboydivedintothewaterandafter_____seemedtobealongtime,hecameupagain.A.whatB.thatC.itD.which分析:句中的after用作了介词,后接的从句应该是宾语从句。这个从句少主语,所以应该用what来引导。选A.that引导宾语从句时,不充当句子成分。2.Thesetwoareasaresimilar_____theybothhaveahighrainfallduringthisseason.A.exceptthatB.inwhichC.inthatD.sothat介词后的宾语从句常用what,whether引导,不用that,which引导。但在介词besides,except,in后可用that引导宾语从句。在有it作先行词时,that可用来引导介词后的宾语从句。3.Youmaydependon______thatallthegoodswillbeshippedabroadintime.A.whichB.itC.whomD.these在有it作先行词时,that可用来引导介词后的宾语从句。

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