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1GRAMMARContents总纲(1.句子成分2.句子种类3.数词4.主谓一致5.插入语)(Page1-Page5)专项一冠词(Page5-Page7)专项二代词(Page7-Page10)专项三形容词与副词(Page10-Page13)专项四名词与介词(Page13-Page16)专项五动词(Page16-Page18)专项六时态与语态(Page18-Page20)专项七非谓（ing分词,ed分词,不定式）(Page20-Page25)专项八情态动词与虚拟语气(Page25-Page28)专项九名词从句和定语从句(Page29-Page33)专项十连词(Page33-Page36)专项十一特殊句型(Page36-Page39)专项十二交际(Page39-Page40)总纲(一)Partsofsentences（句子成分）1.主语Iloveyou.（主语从句）2.谓语Hewentaway.3.宾语Iloveyou.（宾语从句）4.表语Heisateacher.（表语从句）5.补语(1)宾语补足语Heaskedmetoleave.(2)主语补足语Iwasaskedtoleave.6.定语Heisagoodteacher.（定语从句）7.状语Hewentabroadyesterday.（状语从句）8.同位语Mr.Lee,ourteacher,iscoming.（同位语从句）9.插入语Bytheway,hewillgotoschool.(二)Kindsofsentences（句子种类）I.简单句(五种构成方式)1.主谓（主语+不及物动词）Theydancedhappily.2.主谓宾（主语+及物动词+宾语）Mr.Greenboughtsomefoodfromthesupermarket.3.主系表（主语+连系动词+表语）(必须记住五组连系动词)Theyareallgreatscientists.4.主谓双宾（主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语）wish,offer,promise,owe,envy,teach,give,lend,send,pay,cost,show,tell,buy,get,hand,write,pass,singIwishyouahappynewyear.(1)间接宾语后置,我们可以通过加入介词(to或for)来将间接宾语后置。Pleaselendmesomemoney.=Pleaselendsomemoneytome.Momboughtthebabyacomputer.=Momboughtacomputerforthebaby.(2)当两个宾语都是代词时，通常将间接宾语后置。Giveittome.(3)以下动词不跟双宾explain,complain,say,whisper,murmurtosb.sth.2(4)以下动词不跟双宾，有ofrobsb.ofsth.warnsb.ofsth.remindsb.ofsth.informsb.ofsth.(5)注意以下动词sth.remainsofsth.expectsth.ofsb.5.主谓宾宾补（主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(宾语的动作或状态)）(1)形容词做宾语补足语使makesb.ill,drivesb.mad,leavesth.open,cutsth.short,tearsth.open,keepsb.busyfindsth.beautiful,thinksth.(tobe)good,believesb.(tobe)honest,Hethrewthefoxtothegrounddead.(2)名词或名词短语做宾语补足语maken.n,leaven.n,choosen.n.,electn.n,calln.n.,namen.n.Ican’tunderstandwhypeopleelectedhimPresident.(3)非谓做宾语补足语只须记住感观动词和使役动词的短语（见23页4,5）(4)当宾语为动词不定式,从句或-ing结构并有宾语补足语时,常用it做形式宾语。Theyfounditimpossibletofinishtheworkinsuchashorttime.Hisparentsthoughtitstrangethattheirsonhadn’twrittentothemfortoolong.Theyfounditinterestingbeingbackatschoolagain.II.并列句：两个或以上简单句用分号,--或并列连词连接。必须记住七个并列连词(见33页)(1)Heisyoung,andheisgood.(2)Heisyoung;heisgood(3)Trysomeofthisjuice--perhapsyou'lllikeit.(4)(Make)Greaterefforts,andyouwillsucceedIII.主从复合句：两个或以上简单句用从句连词连接。Ifitdoesn’train,I’llgotoschooltomorrow.Imadeapromisethatifhecame,Iwouldbeathim.IV.并列复合句:Hehastoworkhard,andifhedoesn’tworkhard,hisparentswillcry.(三)Numeral（数词）I.分数1.普通分数onethird,twothirds,ahalf,aquarter,3quarters+of2.百分数(1)thirtypercent+of百分之三十的(2)therestof其余的3.具体分数oneinfour=oneoutoffour四个中的一个II.基数词1.一般基数词one,two,three…2.单位基数词dozen,score,hundred,thousand,million,billion用法(1)threedozeneggs,manydozoneggs(2)dozensof,scoresof,tensof,millionsof,billionsof,tensofthousandsof(3)threeofus,manyofthem(4)twoofthoseboys,threedozenoftheeggs,agoodmanyoftheirstudentsIII.序数词1.first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth,twentieth,hundredth…2.用法theSecondLesson=LessonTwoIV.数词短语1.everyfewdays每几天32.everyotherday=everytwodays=everysecondday每两天(每隔一天)3.everythreedays=everythirdday每三天(每隔两天)4.enoughplentyof+Ns/Nu足够的，许多的5.lotsof=alotof=amassof=massesof=aquantityof=quantitiesof+Ns/Nu许多的6.anumberof=agood(great)many=many+Ns=manya+Nc许多的7.agreatdealof=alargeamountof+Nu许多的8.avarietyof=differentkindsof各种各样的9.themajorityof大多数的=most(ofthe),theminorityof少数的V.英语没有量词onhisfirstvisittoChina(四)Agreement（主谓一致）I.用and连接两个名词1.表示两个人或物AandB+are,bothAandB+are2.表示一个人或物(1)Thefamoussingeranddanceriscoming.(2)Every(each/no)boyandevery(each/no)girlisgood.3.one+n.+ortwo=oneortwo+n.s+are注意:n.为时间,距离是动词只用单数oneandahalf+复数名词+isII.A介B以A为主Heaswellashisfriendsisgoingabroad.III.All单独做主语1.指人Allbutonewereherejustnow.2.指物Allhehasdoneisright.IV.集体名词audience,crew,crowd,population,family,class,group,team,staff1.强调整体Myclassisagoodone.2.强调人Myclassaresingingasong.V.二合一名词compasses,trousers,glasses,scissors,chopsticks,1.单独做主语Mytrousersarenew.2.有apairof修饰，则以pair为主ApairofnewglassesiswhatIwantformybirthday.VI.非谓或从句做主语时指一件事用单数，指两件事以上用复数1.动名词ReadingandwritingaremostdifficultforstudentsinlearningEnglish.2.不定式Whenandwheretomeetisnotdecided.3.主语从句WhatIloveandwhatIhatearenoneofyourbusiness.VII.the加形容词或分词表示一类Theoldarewise.theold,thedying垂死者,theemploying雇佣者,theemployed被雇佣者,thepolice,theChinese,theEnglish,theFrenchVIII.分数以中心名词为主Therestofthestudentsarefondofcomputergames.IX.靠近原则1.TherebeThereisabookandtwopensonthedesk.2.平行词组(见33页)NotonlyTombutalsohisparantsarekindtome.3.AorBOneboyorhisfriendsaretocome.注意：Twohoursormoreisenough.X.Time/Money/Distance+is1.Onehundredyearsisalongtime.42.Onemilliondollarsisalargesum.3.Twothousandmilesisalongway.XI.倒装句的主谓一致要认准主语1.Betweenthetwowindowshangsapicture.2.Sucharemyfriends.XII.固定词组1.Oneofhisbooksisverygood.HeisoneoftheboyswholikeEnglish.(定语从句)Heisthe(only)oneoftheboyswholikesEnglish.(定语从句)2.aquantityofNs/Nu+is,largequantitiesofNs/Nu+areanumberof+Ns+are,thenumberof+Ns+isanamountofNu+is,largeamountsofNu+are3.oneandahalfapples+is=oneappleandahalf+is4.morethanone+is5.manyaboy+is6.weeach+are=eachofus+is7.加减乘除算式+is8The2008OlympicGamesaretobeheldinBeijing.9.Thiskindofmanisgood.=Menofthiskindaregood.10.Mycollectionofstampsisverywonderful.(五)插入语1.(much)toone’ssurprise=toone’s(great)surprise(delight/knowledge/excitement…)2.otherwise=orelse否