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华中科技大学硕士学位论文无线多跳网络的拥塞控制——效率-公平与资源分配姓名：姜峰申请学位级别：硕士专业：通信与信息系统指导教师：朱光喜20050430` ˆ ıa £WirelessMultihopNetworks⁄ , Ø ¥] ' flK ’53 ˘ ¥§D ˘KI ˙ §¢ ·Ø] ?1' ˙ œ†·] ' ’5 flKD D ˘§XTCP §duy¥m!: &E Lu ¯‰Lu-? §3ˆ ıa ¥¡ ˙ œ† ¡ flKy ƒ ؈ ıa ‚ D ˘§ ı ˜d ‚¥ & ø A5§ˇdı5›& |^ ˙ Jp§Ø] ' k œ†, ¡§y D ˘ ˜ˆ ıa e ˘§XMAC ˘ ·d ˘ 1 §ƒD ˘ e ˘m Z§ $X 5U !:£˜5§ˆ ıa ' MANET Mesh a '( ˆ Mesh & A5 ¥yk ˘§|^ProportionalFairness e§Øˆ ıa ¥Pl flK?1 §¿3⁄ . ' “){ ˜: J # D { ˘ e WAXP£WirelessAd-hocXportProtocol⁄§–Uıyk ˘| œ†] ' G„˜u“ O ng§ˇL &-¯ =u!: w“ §WAXPu !=u!: ´ ⁄Pl §3p ' ] ~ !:3MAC ¿ - § d §WAXP ⁄I &E „3;^ ¥§ˆI=u!: oz6&E§Or ˘ *—5 Œ L†§3 p] |^ ˙ „e§WAXP —/•Aˆ ıa MAC IEEE802.11DCF ˘ DSR·d ˘ A5§~$ !:mu)-E V˙§w˝~ ·d u)l5U ‘§WAXP k $ Œ ¿ ·§3ı ¿ m œ†/' ] §Jp ^5£Availability⁄§ˇd k ‰¢^d ’ c {! ˘!œ†5 .!Pl !ˆ ıa !' “X ! IAbstractTheproliferationofwirelessmultihopnetworkshasattractedmuchpeople’sattentiononresourceallocationprobleminsuchkindofnetworks.Inthewholeprotocolstack,transporta-tionlayerisresponsibleforend-to-endratecontrol,whichisessentiallyresourceallocation.Efficiencyandfairnessarecriticalissuesinresourceallocation.Conventionaltransporta-tionlayerprotocols,suchasTCP,arenotawareofcongestionintheneighborhoodsofrelynodes,andtendtoadoptover-conservativeoraggressivestrategywhilecompetingforthesharedresource,thustheymaysufferefficiencyandfairnessproblemswhenappliedtowire-lessmultihopnetworks.Ontheotherhand,mostofprotocolsdesignedforthisenvironmentdonotconsidertheuniquecharacteristicsofMACandroutingprotocols,whichresultsincompatibilityproblemsandperformancedegradation.WirelessmultihopnetworksareclassifiedintoMANETandMesh,accordingtotheirdifferenceinnodemobility.Thisthesisconcentratesontheresourceallocationprobleminwirelessmeshnetworks.FollowingtheProportionalFairnessframework,thisthesisana-lyticallymodelsthecongestioncontrolproblem,andderivesadistributedsolutiontotheproblem.Basedonthedistributedsolution,anovelandfullfunctionaltransportationlayeralgorithmandprotocolframework:WAXP(WirelessAd-hocXportProtocol)isproposedtoimprovetheunfairnessofexistingprotocolcombinations.Followingtheideaofcross-layerdesign,throughneighborhoodexplicitsignalingandrobustfeedback,WAXPsender,relyandreceivercooperativelyexecutecongestioncontrol,whichefficientlyallocateschan-nelresourceandalleviatescontentionseverityonMAClayer.Moreover,WAXPcarriesallcontrolinformationinpacketheaders,thustheadvantageofrequiringnoper-flowstateonrelaynodessignificantlyimprovesthescalabilityoftheprotocol.Numeroussimulationshowsthat,withoutloosinghighresourceutilization,WAXPadaptstocharacteristicsoflowerlayers,thusiteffectivelyreducestheprobabilityofMACcollisionandroutebreak.Onsystem-wise,WAXPfairlyallocatesthesharedchannelre-sourceamongallcompetitors,andenjoysbothlowpacketlossrateandend-to-enddelay.LotsofpracticalconcernsembeddedinWAXP’sdesignalsoenhancetheviabilityofthepro-tocol,whichmakesitpromisingforfairresourceallocationandreadyforimplementation.Keywords:Algorithms,Protocols,FairnessModels,CongestionControl,WirelessMultihopNetworks,DistributedSystems,QualityofServiceII M5(† (†⁄¥ ˘ '·• 3 e?1 ˜ 9 ˜⁄Jƒ•⁄ § '¥fiI† ^ SN § ' „? ƒ‰8Nfi†uL‰ L ˜⁄JØ ' ˜ z 8N§ fi3'¥–†( “I† ¿£ († {˘(Jd «œ\¶ Fˇ ˘ ' ƒ^˙ ˘ ' )˘ k’ 3!ƒ^˘ ' 5‰§= ˘ k 3¿ I[k’ ‰¯ x ' E f §#N ' / ˙ u¥ E ˘ – ˘ ' ‰ 'SN?\k’Œ ¥?1u¢§ – ^K! ‰ £ E ˆª fi? ˘ ' 'Æu §3c) •^ ˙ £ 3– S /√0⁄ \¶ \¶ Fˇ Fˇ 1Vª1.1ˆ ıa u—ˆ ıa £WirelessMultihopNetworks⁄ «ˆ˜: £Infrastructure-less⁄ ˆ ¥ , ‰ !: £˜!:, A^| §ˇ&˜: ˆ{fl ⁄!‰ ~[B§‰ U3ø« „e§ˆ ıa ˆ˜: A5ƒø | ¥ A^k› ¿´ˆ ıa ;. ' “X § ¥ ˆ !:g kpºU §´uV |^ ƒ!:=uŒ §– ⁄ !:´u » ˇ&ˆ ıa Q Æg˜| ⁄ § ˇL ¥A‰!: k ˇ§ k *— du $⁄ !g| –9ß— 5§ˆ ıa fi ˘ . . 2 ’5§ ˜⁄J ‹ ¡§¿¯ 3 F~)„¥ A^lCc5 u—* §ˆ ıa L 5£˜ˇ&+ u— §7 Æ ı ’5l{⁄ §@31972c§{IDARPAؘ PRNET£PacketRadioNET-work[1,2]⁄ 8§ ˜3 | ‚e|^ˆ '| ?1ˇ&§ Y 8 )1983c SURAN£SURvivableAdaptiveNetwork⁄ 1994c GloMo£GlobalMobileInformationSystem⁄⁄Æu1991c IEEE802.11IO ‹[3] ^/AdHoc0∗5£ªø«Aˇ g| Ø § ¥!:£˜ IETF[4]¡ MANET£MobileAdhocNETwork⁄§!: ‰ ¡ Mesh 3 ˜.§ˆ AdHoc ¡ ˆ ıa 3 '¥ƒ^/ˆ ıa 0 c d« 8c§ˆ ıa ˜uı« n xN \ £8c 61 )IEEE802.11!HiperLAN!HomeRF!Bluetooth!UWB ⁄§ |– «yk §X¢ “!Web6 !' D U!:ˇ& » §ˆ ıa A^ ' na ˜uk U §ˇ& » §~^u¥(ˇ&¶˜uHomeRF!IEEE802.11!IEEE802.16 §!:ˇ& »¥ §•^u |!˝/! ! Œ ´8!S i !D 4ˆ « \ ¿ ‚¶ˇ& » ˆ ıa §X˜uUWB!Bluetooth ˆ ıa §•^u3[ œ¿ œ | ¥ £PAN⁄du!: £˜5§∗/AdHoc0 c u.¶ §¿ /;^ §Aˇ 01ˆ ıa ( IUC§¿ Q ˇL “ ⁄ § |^, !: ı “ ⁄ g5 § k|uJp 5 ˆ ıa 5U1.2ˆ ıa ˜:1.2.1˜ flK1.œ†5 ˙ =†L˘[ ‹˘[’5œ† ˙§O ¯ ˜ ¡ aqflK3D ƒ^TCP k ¥§duTCPg A5§ Æ 6o· ¢ —?§ œ†Ø [5] d§D ˘ ˜ J ı«œ†5 . U? ˘§ ;. )FAST[6]!XCP[7]!HSTCP[8]!PTCP[9] Øuˆ ıa D §§ e kNıAk 5 §X & !¿ ;! mE^!£˜5 §ƒ ˜ ¡ # ] TflK [? º 130 3.2.1 131 3.2.2 !2.º 5 N 61 ˆ k |– ‰ S u ı˙˜ N [10]§ˇd!:kU ,« ?1ı˙ §UCg / 0∗e † /