54英文项目管理书籍之二：工作分解结构WBS

STANDARDProjectManagementInstituteProjectManagementInstitutePracticeStandardforWorkBreakdownStructuresProjectManagementInstitutePracticeStandardforWorkBreakdownStructuresProjectManagementInstituteNewtownSquare,PennsylvaniaUSALibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataProjectManagementInstitutepracticestandardforworkbreakdownstructuresp.cm.Includesbiobliographicalreferencesandindex.ISBN1-880410-81-81.Projectmanagement.I.ProjectManagementInstitute.II.Title:Practicestandardforworkbreakdownstructures.HD69.P75P761682001658.4'04—dc212001048475ISBN:1-880410-81-8Publishedby:ProjectManagementInstitute,Inc.FourCampusBoulevardNewtownSquare,Pennsylvania19073-3299USAPhone:610-356-4600orVisitourwebsite:@pmi.org©2001ProjectManagementInstitute,Inc.Allrightsreserved.“PMI”andthePMIlogoareserviceandtrademarksregisteredintheUnitedStatesandothernations;“PMP”andthePMPlogoarecertificationmarksregisteredintheUnitedStatesandothernations;“PMBOK”,“PMNetwork”,and“PMIToday”aretrademarksregis-teredintheUnitedStatesandothernations;and“ProjectManagementJournal”and“Buildingprofessionalisminprojectmanage-ment.”aretrademarksoftheProjectManagementInstitute,Inc.PMI®booksareavailableatspecialquantitydiscountstouseaspremiumsandsalespromotions,orforuseincorporatetrainingpro-gramsaswellasothereducationalprograms.Formoreinformation,pleasewritetotheBookPublishingCoordinator,PMIPublishingDivision,FourCampusBoulevard,NewtownSquare,PA19073-3299USA.Orcontactyourlocalbookstore.PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.Nopartofthisworkmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,manual,photocopying,recording,orbyanyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem,withoutpriorwrittenpermissionofthepublisher.ThepaperusedinthisbookcomplieswiththePermanentPaperStandardissuedbytheNationalInformationStandardsOrganization(Z39.48—1984).10987654321ContentsListofFigures––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––viiForeword–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––ixPreface––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––xiChapter1—Introduction––––––––––––––––––––––––––––11.1Concept–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––11.2Objective––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––2Chapter2—WhatIsaWorkBreakdownStructure?–––––––––––––32.1CommonUsageofTerms––––––––––––––––––––––––––32.2Concept–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––42.3Summary––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––6Chapter3—WhyUseaWorkBreakdownStructure?––––––––––––73.1Overview–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––73.2Communications––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––83.3Reporting––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––9Chapter4—HowtoCreateaWorkBreakdownStructure––––––––––114.1Overview–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––114.2PreparingaWBS––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––114.3FactorstoBeConsidered––––––––––––––––––––––––––124.4WBSMeasurementConsiderations–––––––––––––––––––––134.5ChallengestoBeConsidered––––––––––––––––––––––––144.6WBSLevelofDetail–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––154.7WBSLife-CycleConsiderations–––––––––––––––––––––––164.8ProjectRiskandtheWBS––––––––––––––––––––––––––164.9ResourcePlanning,Management,andtheWBS––––––––––––––184.10AdditionalConsiderations––––––––––––––––––––––––––18©2001ProjectManagementInstitute,FourCampusBoulevard,NewtownSquare,PA19073-3299USAvAppendixA—TheProjectManagementInstituteStandards-SettingProcess19AppendixB—EvolutionoftheProjectManagementInstitutePracticeStandardforWorkBreakdownStructures––––––23AppendixC—ContributorsandReviewers–––––––––––––––––––25AppendixD—GuidelinesforaProjectManagementInstitutePracticeStandard–––––––––––––––––––––––––29AppendixE—Oil,Gas,andPetrochemical(OGP)WBSExample–––––––31AppendixF—EnvironmentalManagementWBSExample–––––––––––37AppendixG—ProcessImprovementWBSExample––––––––––––––39AppendixH—PharmaceuticalWBSExample––––––––––––––––––43AppendixI—ProcessPlantConstructionWBSExample–––––––––––55AppendixJ—ServiceIndustryOutsourcingWBSExample––––––––––57AppendixK—WebDesignWBSExample––––––––––––––––––––59AppendixL—TelecomWBSExample––––––––––––––––––––––63AppendixM—RefineryTurnAroundWBSExample–––––––––––––––65AppendixN—GovernmentDesign-Bid-BuildWBSExample––––––––––67AppendixO—SoftwareImplementationWBSExample––––––––––––71Glossary––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––75References––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––77Index––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––79©2001ProjectManagementInstitute,FourCampusBoulevard,NewtownSquare,PA19073-3299USAviListofFiguresFigure3-5withWBSInteractions(PMBOK®Guide2000)–––––––––––––––––––8PharmaceuticalWorkBreakdownStructureExample––––––––––––––––––––––44SampleWBSforRefineryT/A––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––66©2001ProjectManagementInstitute,FourCampusBoulevard,NewtownSquare,PA19073-3299USAvii©2001ProjectManagementInstitute,FourCampusBoulevard,NewtownSquare,PA19073-3299USAixForewordOnbehalfoftheProjectManagementInstitute(PMI®)BoardofDirectors,IampleasedtopresentPMI’sfirstpracticestandard,theProjectManagementInstitutePracticeStandardforWorkBreakdownStructures.TheProjectManagementInstitutePracticeStandardforWorkBreakdownStruc-turesisanimportantstepinPMI’scontinuingcom