英语课件 发现美国新大陆 A New Country

ANewCountryButfirst,aQuiz!•1.Whatdoes“notaxationwithoutrepresentationmean?”•2.WhywerethecolonistsupsetwithEngland?(whatcausedtheAmericanRevolution?)•3.WhatwaswrongwiththeDeclarationofIndependence?•4.WhatwasthefirstbattleoftheAmericanRevolution?•5.WhydidFrancejointhefight?•6.WhathappenedinValleyForge?•7.WhydidtheBritishsurrenderatYorktown?•8.WhatwasthenameofthetreatythatendedtheRevolutionaryWar?•9.WhataresomethingstheAmericansdiddifferentlythatallowedthemtowinthewar?•Bonus:IfyouwatchedThePatriot,tellmewhathappenedtothemaincharacterandhissonsinthefilm.Review•TheAmericancolonieswereunhappywithGreatBritainforunfairtaxing,notbeingabletomovewest,andlawsthatmakingthemkeepsoldiersintheirhomes.•TheAmericanColonistsdeclaredtheirindependencefromGreatBritain.•GreatBritainandtheAmericanColonistsfoughtawarovertheissueofindependence.•ThankstohelpfromFranceandnewfightingstylesandgoodleadership,theUnitedStateswontheRevolutionaryWar.•TheUnitedStatesisnowacountry.ArticlesofConfederation•Thiswasthefirstconstitution,orgovernmentoftheUnitedStates.•Itwasratifiedin1781,butcreatedin1777.•Thereasonitwascreated,wasbecauseafterdeclaringthemselvesindependentin1776,thenewUnitedStatesneededagovernment!•WhenitwasfirstpresentedtotheContinentalCongress,theyhatedit!•Itwantedaverystrongcentralgovernmenttobeinchargeofstates.•Butthecolonistswereafraidofastrongcentralgovernment.•TheydidnotwanttohavethesamethinghappentothemthathappenedwithEngland.•Sotheychangedit…TheArticlesofConfederation•Insteadofmakingthecountryintoacollectionofstatescontrolledbyonegovernment,itmadeitintoagroupofalmostindependentcountries,looselycontrolledbythegovernment.•Eachstatehaditsowncurrency,theirownmilitary,andthestatesbegantomakedealswithforeigncountries.ArticlesofConfederation•Ittookawaythepowerforcongresstocollecttaxes,sothegovernmentwaspoor.•Congresscouldnotcontrolforeigntrade,sofightsbetweenstateshappenedanditwashardtotradewithothercountries.•Congresscouldnotenforcelaws,soitdependedonthestatestomakesurepeopleobeyedthelaws.•Theyhadtogetpermissionfromthestatestopassnewlaws,andthestatesrarelyagreed,solawswerenotpassed.•Therewasnonationalcourtsystem,soifonestatehadaproblemwiththeother,itcouldnotbesolvedbythegovernment.ArticlesofConfederation•Thisgovernmentworkedduringthewar,butnotafter;itremainedinpoweruntil1789,whenpeoplerealizeditwasnotworking.•Sotheyneededtocreateanewgovernment.NorthwestOrdinance•TheArticlesdiddooneimportantthing.•Theysetupasystemforterritoriestobecomestates.•Whenaterritoryreached60,000adultmen,thentheycouldapplytobecomeastate.•Also,theysaidthatslaverywasNOTallowedinthesenewterritories.Shay’sRebellion•HappenedinMassachusettsin1786.•Peoplewereupsetwiththepoorstateoftheeconomy.•Farmershadalotofdebtandhightaxestheycouldnotpay.•Thestategovernmentdidnothelp,andthefederalgovernment,undertheArticlesofConfederationcouldnothelp.•Agroupofarmedfarmersattackedtotryandfreepeopleinprisonfornotpayingtheirdebts.•Crushedbythestatemilitary,butsimilareventshappenedinotherstatesduetothepooreconomy.TheConstitutionalConvention•Theeconomyisbad,andpeoplearerebelling.•TheydecidethattheyneedtofixtheArticles.•55peoplemetinPhiladelphia,eachstatesentrepresentatives(exceptRhodeIsland),onMay25th,1787anditdidnotenduntilSeptember17th,1787.•TheyelectedGeorgeWashingtontoleadthemeeting.•Whysolong?!BecausetheyrealizedthattheArticlescouldnotbefixed—theyneededawholenewgovernment.2DifferentIdeas•Asyoumightguess,nobodycouldagreeonwhattodo.•SomestatesjustwantedtofixtheArticles•WilliamPatersonproposedanotherplan,theNewJerseyPlanasawaytofixtheArticles.•However,EdmundRandolphproposedaplan,theVirginiaPlan,asanewgovernment.TheVirginiaPlan•Wantedtogovernmenttohave3parts,andexecutive,judicial,andlegislative.•Heproposedthatpeoplewouldelectrepresentativestothelegislature,andthenthelegistlaturewouldthenelecttheexecutive,orpresident.•Hethougththatweshouldchoosethenumberofrepresentativesinthelegislaturebythepopulationofeachstate.Butwhataboutlittlestates?•TheVirginiaplanmadethesmallstatesangry,becausetheydidnothavebigpopulations,andsotheywouldhavelesspeopletorepresenttheminthelegislature.•TheycameupwiththeNewJerseyplan,whichsaidthateverystategetsthesamenumberofrepresentative,nomatterhowbigorsmall.TheGreatCompromise•Thetwosidescouldnotagree.•RobertSherman,fromConnecticut,cameupwithacompromise,orawaytomakethetwoplanswork.•Hesaidwewouldhavealegislaturethathad2parts.•Onepart,calledthesenate,wouldhavethesamenumberofrepresentativesfromeachstate(2).•Theotherpart,calledtheHouseofRepresentatives,wouldhavedifferentamountsofpeoplefromeachstatedependingonthepopulation.FederalandStateGovernmentsASystemofChecksandBalances•Thegovernmentwassplitinto3parts•TheLegislative,Judicial,andExecutive.•Eachpart,orbranch,haddifferentpowers,andlimitedthepowersoftheotherbranches.ExecutiveBranch•ThePresidentandhisCabinet(12membersclosettohim,includingthevicepresidnet).•Theexecutivebranchmakessurethelawsareobeyed.•ThePresidentcanveto,orgetridof,laws.LegislativeBranch•Makeslaws•Ifthepresidentvetosalaw,theLegislativebranchcangetitpass