第四组课件_writing_up_a_thesis

Chapter13Writingupathesis/dissertationChapter13Writingupathesis/dissertationThebodyofthethesis:•Writinganintroduction•Writingaliteraturereview•Describingmethodology•Reportingresultsanddiscussion•WritingtheconclusionchapterPartone:Writinganintroduction•Specifically,thechapterofintroductionusuallyincludesthreecomponents:(1)ageneraldescriptionofyourstudy；(2)theneedforastudyand(3)theoverallstructureofthethesis.•Thesimplestwaytobeginthefirstcomponentis“thestudywasundertakentofindout……Theresearchquestionstobeaddressedinthestudyarethefollowing……”•Fortheneedforyourstudy,youarerequiredtoexplainwhythestudyisworthundertaking.Usually,thereasonscanbeexplainedintermsofpracticalaswellastheoreticalimportance.Tojustifytheneedforthestudy,youmayrefertooneormorepreviousstudiesthatmotivatedyoutochoosethisresearchtopic.However,manyreferencesarenotnecessarysincethispartisnottheplacetodoliteraturereview.•Whendescribingtheoverallorganizationofthethesis,thechapterheadingsshouldbecovered.Ifthe“part”isthefirst-orderheadingand“chapter”,thesecond-order,thedescriptionshouldcoverbothPartsandChapters.Writingaliteraturereview•Definition：Aliteraturereviewdemonstratesthewriter’sconceptualunderstandingofaresearchtopicandhis/herabilitytoarguefortheneedforthestudy.Thisisthebestplacetoseewhethertheresearcherhasacquiredthemacro-levelorganizingabilitytoputtherelevantmaterialstogethertodevelopanargument.Majorcomponents•Aliteraturereviewshouldcontainthefollowingcomponents:•1.Conceptualdefinitionsofkeyterms;•2.Anexaminationoftheresearchtopicinlightofthetheoreticalperspective;•3.Adescriptionofrelatedempiricalstudieswithevaluatingcomments;•4.Acriticalreviewofresearchdesignsincludinginstrumentsrelatedtoyourstudy;•5.Aconceptualframeworkifthereisany.1、Definekeytermsconceptually•(1)Thesimplestwaytofulfillthetaskistolistyourconceptualdefinitionstogetherwithreference.•(2)Tomakeyourdefinitionmoreconvincing,itisbettertoreviewcriticallythevariousdefinitionsthathavesurfacedintheliteraturewhileindicatinghowyourdefinitionhasbeenderivedorwhyyoupreferredthisdefinitiontoothers.2、Describeandevaluaterelevantempiricalstudies•Thispartisindispensable.•Thiskindofdescriptiondoesn’tnecessarilycovereverydetailofastudy.•Justifyingtheneedforyourstudy•Themostcrucialthinghereisthatyouneedtoclassifythestudiesaccordingtoyourneeds.3、Reviewfromthetheoreticalperspective•Researchtopicsareveryoftenderivedfromtheoriesorlinkedwiththeoreticalissues.•Itiscommonthatareviewstartswithexplicatingatheoryoracontroversialissuethatisrelevanttotheproposedstudy.4、Examineresearchdesigns•Thiscomponentisneededwhenoneofthedifferencesbetweenyourstudyandpreviousonesliesintheresearchdesign.•Thedifferencesmaybeshowedinthenumberoftypesofsubjects,theinstruments,and/ortheproceduresofdata-collectionanddata-analysis.Describingmethodology•1.conceptandfunction•2.majorcomponents•Methodologypresentsthewayyoudescribeyouproposedstudy.•Itshouldbeexplicit,transparentandsufficientlydetailed.Thereforethereaderscaneasilyvisualizeyouresearchprocessandreplicateyoustudyifsheorhewishesto.•DescribingmethodologylimitationsData-analysisData-collectioninstrumentssubjectsGeneralandspecificresearchquestion/hypothesisintroductionMajorcomponents•Inthispart,researchersshouldgiveanoveralldescriptionforyouresearchdesign.•Andyouonlyneedtowriteoneortwoshortsentences.•Inthissection,allthegeneralquestionsarepresentedwithspecificquestions.•Iftheresearcherhasformedhypothesisinsteadofquestions,thens/heshouldlistallthehypothesis.•Twopurposes:1.Whatquestionsthestudyisintendedtoaddress?2.ProvideaframeworkfortheResultchapter.Allthehypothesismuststateinthepresenttense.•Subjectsrefertothepeoplewhoarestudiedandmeasuredbyyourinstrumentsandwhoseresponsesareusedinansweringtheresearchquestions.•suchas:•thestudentswhorespondedtothequestionnaireorwhowereinterviewedorobserved.••Participantsoftenuseinanexperimentalstudy.•suchas:•studentsinanexperimentalgroupandinacontrolgroup.•TheSubjectssectiondescribes:1.Howmanysubjectshaveparticipated?(number)2.Whothesubjectsare?(personalinformation;)3.Howtheyareselected?(samplingtechnique)•Twoproblems:1.Theyincludethosewhoarenotsubjects.•(ratersandpaperdesigners)2.ThissectionisnotdetailedenoughItdescribesresearchtoolsyouusetomeasuredependentandindependentvariablesinyoustudy.1.Thisdescriptioncovercontent,thecategories,thereliabilityandvalidityiftheinstrumentshasbeenusedbefore.2.self-designedinstruments,thedevelopmentofinstrumentsandtheresultsofapilotstudyshouldbeadded.3.Theoperationaldefinitionsofdependentandindependentvariablesshouldbelistedhere.Indata-collectionsection,informationaboutgatheringdataisdetailed.Addressingquestions:1.whenwerethedatacollected?2.whowereresponsiblefordata-collection?3.howarethedata-collected?4.Andwhere?•Data-analysisreferstotheproceduresforanalyzingthedataanditsreliability.幻灯片3•Limitationsconcernthoseconditionsthattheresearcherissupposedtomeetbuthashaddifficultyinimplementing.(showinginsample/data-collection)•TheLimitationsofastudycanalsobealternativelyputinthelastchapter.i.e.theconclusionchapter