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《欧洲文化入门》复习题（一）DivisionOne:GreekCultureandRomanCultureGreekCultureI.填空1.Europeancultureismadeupofmanyelements,twooftheseelementsareconsideredtobemoreenduringandtheyaretheGreco-RomanelementandtheJudeo-Christianelement.2.Greekculturereachedahighpointofdevelopmentinthe5thcentury.3.Inthesecondhalfofthe4thcenturyB.C.,allGreecewasbroughtundertheruleofAlexander,kingofMacedon.4.In146B.C.theRomansconqueredGreece.5.Greekculturereachedahighpointofdevelopmentinthe5thcentury.6.Revivedin1896,theOlympicGameshavebecometheworld’sforemostamateursportscompetition.7.AncientGreeksconsideredHomertobetheauthoroftheirepics.8.TheIliaddealswiththeallianceofthestatesofthesouthernmainlandofGreece,ledbyAgamemnonintheirwaragainstthecityofTroy.9.TheOdysseydealswiththereturnofOdysseusaftertheTrojanwartohishome,islandofIthaca.10.OfthemanylyricpoetsofancientGreece,twoarestilladmiredbyreaderstoday:SapphoandPindar.11.SapphowasconsideredthemostimportantlyricpoetofancientGreece.12.Pindarisbestknownforhisodescelebratingthevictoriesattheathleticgames,suchasthe14Olympicodes.13.ThethreegreattragicdramatistsofancientGreeceareAeschylus,Sophocles,andEuripides.14.AeschyluswrotesuchplaysasPrometheusBound,PersiansandAgamemnon.15.SophocleswrotesuchtragicplaysasOedipustheKing,Electra,andAntigone.16.EuripideswrotemainlyaboutwomeninsuchplaysasAndromache,Medea,andTrojanWomen.17.Comedyalsoflourishedinthe5thcenturyB.C..ItsbestwriterwasAristophanes,whohasleftelevenplays,includingFrogs,Clouds,WaspsandBirds.18.Herodotusisoftencalled“FatherofHistory”.HewroteaboutthewarsbetweenGreeksandPersians.19.ThucydidesdescribedthewarbetweenAthensandSpartaandbetweenAthensandSyracuse,aGreekstateontheIslandofSicily.20.Pythagoraswasaboldthinkerwhohadtheideathatallthingswerenumbers.21.Pythagoraswasthefounderofscientificmathematics.22.Heracleituebelievedfiretotheprimaryelementoftheuniverse,outofwhicheverythingelsehadarisen.23.ThegreatestnamesinEuropeanphilosophyareSocrates,PlatoandAristotle.24.Democrituswasoneoftheearliestphilosophicalmaterialistsandspeculatedabouttheatomicstructureofmatter.25.Inthe4thcenturyB.C.,fourschoolsofphilosophersoftenarguedwitheachother,theyaretheCynics,theSceptics,theEpicureans,andtheStoics.26.Euclidiswell-knownforhisElements,atextbookofgeometry.27.Toillustratetheprincipleofthelevel,Archimedesissaidtohavetoldtheking:“Givemeaplacetostand,andIwillmovetheworld.”28.Greekarchitecturecanbegroupedintothreestyles:theDoricstylewhichisalsocalledthemasculinestyle;theIonicstylewhichisalsocalledthefemininestyle;andalaterstylethatiscalledtheCorinthianstyle.29.TheAcropolisatAthensandtheParthenonarethefinestmonumentofGreekarchitectureandsculptureinmorethan2000years.30.Inthe20thcentury,thereareHomericparallelsintheIrishmanJamesJoyce’smodernistmasterpieceUlysses.II.选择1.Whichculturereachedahighpointofdevelopmentinthe5thcenturyB.C.?A.GreekCultureB.RomanCultureC.EgyptianCultureD.ChineseCulture2.In___________theRomanconqueredGreece.A.1200B.C.B.700B.C.C.146B.C.D.The5thcentury3.WhichofthefollowingworksdescribedthewarledbyAgamemnonagainstthecityofTroy?A.OedipustheKingB.IliadC.OdysseyD.Antigone4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheplayswrittenbyAeschylus?A.AntigoneB.AgamemnonC.PersiansD.PrometheusBound5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheplayswrittenbySophocles?A.ElectraB.AntigoneC.TrojanWomanD.OedipustheKing6.WhichofthefollowingistheplaywrittenbyEuripides?A.AntigoneB.PersiansC.ElectraD.Medea7.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthegreatesttragicdramatistofancientGreece?A.AristophanesB.EuripidesC.SophoclesD.Aeschylus8.Whoeversaidthat“Youcannotsteptwiceintothesameriver”?A.PythagorasB.HeracleitusC.Aristotle9.Whowasthefounderofscientificmathematics?A.HeracleitusB.AristotleC.SocratesD.Pythagoras10.Whoischieflynotedforhisdoctrinethat“manisthemeasureofallthings”?A.ProtagorasB.PythagorasC.PyrrhonD.EpicurusIII.名词解释1.Aeschylus2.Plato3.TheCynicsIV.简答与问答1.WhatarethemajorelementsinEuropeanculture?2.WhatwerethemainfeaturesofancientGreeksociety?3.WhoweretheoutstandingdramatistsofancientGreece?Whatimportantplaysdideachofthemwrite?4.TellsomeofPlato’sideas.Whydopeoplecallhimanidealist?5.GivesomeexamplestoshowtheenormousinfluenceofGreekcultureonEnglishliterature.RomanCultureI.填空1.TheburningofCorinthin146B.C.markedRomanconquestofGreece,whichwasthenreducedtoaprovinceoftheRomanEmpire.2.TheRomanwriterHoracesaid:“CaptiveGreecetookherrudeconquerorcaptive”.3.In27B.C.OctaviustooksupremepowerasemperorwiththetitleofAugustus.4.TheRomansenjoyedalongperiodofpeacelastingtwohundredyears,aremarkablephenomenoninhistoryknownasthePaxRomana.5.Inthe4thcentury,theemperorConstantinemovedthecapitalfromRometoByzantium,renameditConstantinople(modernIstanbul).6.In476thelastemperorofthewestwasdeposedbytheCothsandmarkedtheendoftheWestRomanEmpire.7.TheEastRomanEmpirecollapsedwhenConstantinoplefelltotheTurksin1453.8.JuliusCaesarrecordedwhathedidandsawinthevariousmilitarycampaignshetookpartinandthesewritings,collectedinhisCommentaries,aremodelsofsuccinctLatin.9.VirgilwasthegreatestofLatinpoetsandwrotethegreatepic,theAeneid.10.ThePantheonisthegreatestandthebest