积极情绪的性质和功能

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()JournalofCapitalNormalUniversity20061(SocialSciencesEdition)(168)122(11,100089;21,101301):,,,,:;;:B84216:A:1004-9142(2006)01-0119-04:2005203217:(1978-),,,(joy)(desire),,,,,,,,(),,,,,,(Davidson):,,,[1]()2010,,,:,,,(Seligman,1998),,(positivepsychology),:;;[2](),,:(valence),;(arousal),[3],,,();,()911,(Russell),[4][5](p.114);[1](1989),,[6],,(),(Tomkisn,2004)(interest)(joy)[7](p.331);(Frijda,1986)(happiness)(interest)(desire)(wonder)[8](pp.429430);(Lazarus,1991)(happiness)(pride)(hope)(love)[5];(Ekman,1992)(joy)(surprise)[9](Fredrickson,1998)(joy)(interest)(contentment)(love)[10],,;,;,,,(pride)(gratitude)()(),[11](pp.145166),(),Duchenne,,[10]DuchenneDuchenne,,,,,,[12]()--(broaden-and-buildtheory)[13],,,,,,,,,;,,,,,()(Ashy,1999)[14],,,(),,,,[15](pp.135136),,[16]021,[17](p.79)()-,,:,,-,[18](Isen,1999),,,,,;[19](pp.180181)(),(,),,,(undoinghypothesis)[20],,,,:,(),,,[21](),,,[22],[23],,:(),,(Wason,1988)(ThePositiveandNegativeAffectSchedule)[24],,,,(),,1.,,,[25],,,,2.(EEGERP),,,EEGERP,,()EEG,,[26]ERP,P300,P300,P300[27]3.,(PET)(fMRI),121,(orbitofrontalcortex)(nucleusaccumbens)(basalganglia)(ventralpallidum)[28](),,Duchenne(EMG),Duchenne,,[29],,,,,:,,,,,,,,,,?,:[1]Davidson,R.J.&Ekman,P.ApproachPwithdrawalandcerebralasymmetry:emotionalexpressionandbrainphysiology[J].JournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology,1990,(58):330-341.[2]Seligman,M.E,&Csikszentmihalyi,M.PositivePsychology:anIntroduction[J].AmericanPsychologist,2000,55(1):5-14.[3]Russell,J.A.Acircumplexmodelofaffect[J].JournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology,1980,(39):1161-1178.[4]Russel,J.A.&Feldman,B.L.Coreaffect,prototypicalemotionalepisodes,andotherthingscalledemotion:Dissectingtheelephant[J].JournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology,1999,(76):805-819.[5]Lazarus,R.S.Emotionandadaptation[M].NewYork:OxfordUniversityPress,1991.[6].[M].:,1989.[7]Tomkins,S.S.Affect,imagery,consciousness:Thepositiveaffect[M].NewYork:SpringerPublishingCompany,2004.[8]Frijda,N.H.Theemotions[M].England:CambridgeUniversityPress,1986.[9]Ekman,P.Anargumentforbasicemotions[J].CognitionandEmotion,1992,(6):169-200.[10]Fredrickson,B.L.Whatgoodarepositiveemotions?[J].ReviewofGeneralPsychology,1998,(2):300-319.[11]Fredrickson,B.L.,Gratitude,likeotherpositiveemotions,Broadenandbuilds[A].InEmmons,R.A.&M.E.McCullough(Eds.)ThePsychologyofGratitude[C].NewYork:OxfordUniversityPress,2004.[12]Tracy,J.L.&RichardW.R.Showyourprideevidenceforadiscreteemotionexpression[J].PsychologicalScience,2004,15(3):194-197.[13]Fredrickson,B.L.Theroleofpositiveemotionsinpositivepsychologythebroaden-and-buildtheoryofpositiveemotions[J].AmericanPsychologist,2001,56(3):218-226.[14]Ashby,F.G.&Isen,A.M.Aneuropsychologicaltheoryofpositiveaffectanditsinfluenceoncognition[J].PsychologicalReview,1999,106(3):529-550.[15]Isen,A.M.Thehandbookofpositivepsychology[M].Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress,2002.[16]Diener,E.Subjectivewell-being:Thescienceofhappiness,andaproposalforanationalindex[J].AmericanPsychologist,2000,55(1):34-44.[17]Csikszentmihali,M.&Rathunde,K.TheHandbookofchildpsychology[M].NewYork:Wiley,1998.[18]Fredrickosn,B.L.Positiveemotionbroadenthescopeofattentionandthought-actionrepertories[J].CognitiveandEmotion,2005,9(3):313-333.[19]Isen,A.M.Positiveaffect[A].T.Dalgleish&M.Power(Eds.),Thehandbookofcognitionandemotion[C].NewYok:Wiley.1999.[20]Fredrickson,B.L,&Tugade,M..Theundoingeffectofpositiveemotions[J].MotivationandEmotion,2000,(24):237-258.[21]Fredrickson,B.L.&Levenson,R.W.Positiveemotionsspeedrecoveryrecoveryfromthecardiovascularsequelaeofnegativeemotions[J].CognitionandEmotion,1998,(12):191-220.[22]Block,J.IQandego-resilience:Conceptualandempiricalconnectionsandseparateness[J].JournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology,1996,(70):349-361.[23]Tugade,M.,&Fredrickson,B.L.Resilientindividualsusepositiveemotionstobouncebackfromnegativeemotionalexperiences[J].JournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology,2004,86(2):320-333.[24]Watson,D.,Clark,&Tellegen,A.Developmentandvalidationofbriefmeasuresofpositiveandnegativeaffect[J].JournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology,1988,(54):1063-1070.[25]Brosschot,J.F.,&Thayer.J.F.Heartrateresponseislongerafternegativeemotionsthanafterpositiveemotion[J].InternationalJournalofPsychophysiology,2003,(50):181-187.[26]Ahern,G.L.&Schawartz.G.E.Differentallateralizationforpositiveandnegativeemotioninthehumanbrain:EEGspectralanalysis[J].Neuropsychologia,1985,(23):745-755.[27],.ERPERP[J].,2004,12(1):10-17.[28]Phan,K.L.&LiberzonI.Functionalneuroanatomyofemotion:Ameta-analysisofemotionactivatonstudiesinPETandfMRI[J].NeuroImage,2002,(16):331-348.[29]Surakka,V.&Hietanen,J.K.FacialandemotionalreactionstoDuchenneandnon-Duchennesmiles[J].InternationalJournalofPsychophysiology,1998,(29):23-33.(:)221

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