《水产养殖水质调控》PPT课件

水产养殖水质调控1.6Waterqualitycontrolofaquaculture1.6.1MainfactorsaffectingwaterqualityChemistry:工业，农业，人为活动Biology:D.O，PH1.6.2Methosofwaterqualitycontrol养殖水体水质调控方法1.6.2.1ChemicalcontrolUsechemicalstocontrolPHandtoxic(有毒）gas.1.6.2.2Physicalcontrol1.Improvebottomlayerquality改善底质2.Waterresourcetreatment水源处理3.Waterexchangeorrefill更换或补充新水1.6.2.3Biologicalcontrol生物控制1、Increseusefulzoonplanktonthroughartificialculture.2、Microecologics微生态制剂3、Photosyntheticbacteria光合细菌4、Higheraquaticplants水生植物1.6.3Biologicalcontrolofwaterquality养殖水体水质生物调控措施1.6.3.1Obsercationofcolorandtransparency水色和透明度观察——“看水”Thefishermanobservethepondwatermainlyabout渔民看水主要依据1.watercolor(waterexpression)水色(水华)（1）Therelationshipbetweenwatercolorandplantplankton（Table1-1）PigmentColorAlgaechlorophyllgreengreenalgae,euglenayellowpigmentyellow,yellow-browndiatom,goldenalgae,dinoflagellate,Cryptomanasphycobilinleucocyanblue,blue-greenbluealgaerhodophyllpurplebluealgae（2）Watercolor(waterexpression)inrichwater肥水“水华”类型Thephenomenonthatthewatershowsevidentcolorowingtothemasspropagationofplantplanktoniscallwaterexpression.Itcanbedividedintothefollowtypesaccordingtoitsapperance（Table1-2）:TypeofwaterexpressionWaterappearanceThecompositionofalgaeWaterevaluationsolutionnon-flagellateevenandstablestablewatercloudinessflagellatelight-andshadegoodwaterbutwiththedangerofgoingbadmembranaceousbluealgaewithsimulatedvacuolecoveredthewatersurfaceGoodandbadareallpossible（3）Judgethewaterqualitybyit'scolorandexpression（Table1-3）根据水色、水华类型判断水质waterqualitygradewatercolorwaterexpressiontypegoodwaterbrown,yellow-brown,green-browncloudiness,solution-likebadwaterblue、purplemembranaceouscommonwatergreensolution-like2.transparency透明度（1）Watertransparencyandthephytoplankton透明度与浮游植物的关系（2）Watertransparencyandthewaterfertility透明度与水体肥度（Table1-4）WaterfertilitytransparencyplantplanktonamountwatercolorHighunfertilewate1005nocolorUnfertilewater100-505-10alittlecolorFertilewater50(40)-2010(20)-100tintedHighfertilewater20-10100-200richcolorUsedoutwater10200veryrichcolor3.Observationofwaternutrition水体肥瘦与水质判别IiiWaterfertilityandthewaterquality:fertilized,circulating,fresh,cleanThemeaingoffertilized,circulating,freshandcleaninbiology肥、活、嫩、爽Thegoodwaterinfisherman'seyeishighsummarizeasthefourwords.Thisismuchmorecomprehensivethanonlyjudgethewaterbyitscolor.However,thereactuallyhasanconceptofbiologicalmeaningofthefourwords.It'squiteessentialtomakethisclearbytestthespeciesandquantityoftheplantplankton.（1）Fertility.Theconceptoffertilewaterisnotunifiednow.someaccordingtothenutritivesaltsandanddissolvedorganicmatterquantity,someaccordingtotheamountofplankton.Butinafisherman'seye,thesignoffertilewateristherichcolorofit,whichmeansthequantityofplantplankton.(2)circulatingmeanstherearechangesofwatercolorandtransparency(3)freshmeansthewaterisfertilizeandvigorous.(4)cleanthepremiseisfresh,whichmeanstheplantplanktonisgrowing,andthesametimethereisfewothersuspendedsolidslikemudinthewater.wecanseethebiologicalstandardofthewaterforfishcultivationinafisherman'seye:A.Thequantityofplantplanktonshouldbe20-100milligramperliter.浮游植物量20－100毫克/升B.ManyFlagellatae,fewsmall-sizebluealgae.鞭毛藻类较多，小型蓝藻较少C.Thealgaecommunityinagrowingperiodandnosenescenceofthecell.藻类种群处于增长期，细胞未老化D.Nottoomuchsuspendedsubstanceexceptplankton.浮游生物以外的其它悬浮物不过多1.6.3.2RegulationofWaterFertility水体肥度调控Thefertilityofbreedingwatermainlydependsonthequantityofphytoplankton;morephytoplanktonmeansfertile,whilelessphytoplanktonmeanspoor.Sothewaternameddifferentlyaccordinglyasfertilewater,poorwater,oldwater,andevengoodwater(intermsofquality).Theregulationofwaterfertilityforincreasingspecies’yieldjustobeythegroundrulesasfollows.1.Makingpoorwaterbecomefertile廋水变肥Reasonsforbeingpoor:(1)lackofnutritionalsalt;(2)phytoplanktonhasbeenintakenbyzoonplankton.Watercontrol:Addfertilizer(Organicornon-organic)ornutritionalsalt(nitrogenandphosphorus)2.Notlettingfertilewaterbecomeold肥水不老Inoldwaterphytoplanktonovermultiply.Andthewaterislackofnutritivesaltandlightsophotosynthesiscannotworkproperly.Oldwateristhewaterinwhichphytoplanktoncellbecomesold.Watercontrol:Ataround10amofsunnyday,use（1PPM）CuSO4tokillgreenalgae.Ataround5pm,drainhalfofthepondandrefillwithnewwater.3.Oldbecomesgood老水转好Goodwatermustbefertilewater,whichmeansthattherearesufficientphytoplanktonasprimaryproducertobeeatenbyraisedanimalsandbaitanimals,inthemeantime,theycanofferoxygentowater.Butfertilewaterdoesn’tequaltogoodwater.Watercontrol:Whencolorturnsdarkgreen(with25cmoftransparency),replace1/3ofwaterinpond.DiscussionMethodsofwaterqualitycontrol.Thankyourlistening