2018中考名词专题-课件-(共30张PPT)

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语法精讲名词专有名词Beijing,TheGreatWall,Jim…普通名词book,weather…考点一名词辨析•1.语境辨析Thereareafew____inthefridge.Let’sgoandbuysomepeas,carrotsandcabbages.•A.meatB.fruitsC.vegetablesC2.近义词辨析voice人声noise噪声sound一切声音family家庭,家人house房子home家message消息news新闻information信息work工作(不可数)job工作,职业(可数)question问题problem难题,问题Don’tmakeany_________.Theboyissleeping.A.voiceB.noiseC.laughB考点二名词的数情况(规则变化)构成方法例词girl—girls;pen--pensbus-buses;box-boxeswatch-watches;dish-dishesbaby-babies;family-familiesboy-boys;day-daystomato-tomatoes;hero-heroesphoto-photoshalf-halves;wife-wives;一般情况以“s,x,ch,sh”结尾以辅音字母+y结尾,以辅音字母+o结尾以f或fe结尾的加-s加-es加“es”加“s”变f或fe为v再加es以元音字母+o结尾变y为i再加-es直接加-s以元音字母加y结尾构成方法(不规则变化)例词foot-feettooth-teethwoman-womenman-menmouse-miceox-oxenchild-childrendeer-deerfish-fishsheep-sheep1.Chinese-ChineseJapanese-Japanese2.Frenchman-FrenchmenEnglishman-Englishmen3.German-GermansRussian-RussiansAmericansAustraliansIndians内部元音发生变化词尾发生变化,个别名词单复同形表示某国人时,中日不变,英法变,其他国家加s特殊情况(1)有些名词只有复数形式,如:clothes,shorts,pants,scissors(剪刀),goods,glasses(眼镜)(2)有些名词以s结尾,但不是复数形式,如:news,physics,politics(3)有些名词既是可数名词又是不可数名词,如:room(空间)—aroom(房间)work(工作)—works(著作)watch----knife----boy----story----hero----photo----watchesboysheroesknivesstoriesphotos---Arethose_________?---No,theyaren’t.They’re___________.A.photos;picturesofChinaB.photoes;picturesofChinaC.photos;pictureofChinaA不可数名词:(前面不能用a,an等来修饰)到目前为止我们所学的不可数名词有:液体类:肉类:粉末类:抽象名词类:食物类:返回water:juice,tea,soup,milk,cola,coffee,meat,beef,pork,muttonfood,broccoli,rice,porridge,junkfood,tofubreadnews,information,money,advice,friendship,work,homework,housework,schoolwork,help,fun,health,price可用于不可数名词前表示量的词:量词+of,(a)little,much,some/any,alotof,plentyofIwouldliketohave________.A.twoglassesofmilkB.twoglassofmilksC.twoglassesofmilksA易混淆知识:•news,advice,work,information,weather,•pollution,food,knowledge,progress,homework不可数•message,job,suggestion,vegetable可数•room,wood,orange,chicken,等词作可数与不可数名词时意思不同•people作“人们”讲本身是复数,作“民族”讲是单数,其复数是peoples.考点三双重所有格单重所有格of所有格’s所有格名词所有格----表示所属关系构成方法例句Linda’sdesktheboys’friendsthechildren’sDayLucyandLily’smotherLucy’sandLily’sbookstoday’snewspaperfifteenminutes’walk表示时间、距离的名词可以加’s或’构成所有格形式一般在有生命名词后加’s构成若以S结尾复数名词,则在S后加’若不是以S结尾复数名词,则加’s表示几个人共同的东西,只在最后一个人后加’s.表示几个人都分别有的东西,则每个都加’s.表示某人的家、店铺、诊所时,常省略所有格后面的名词atmyuncle’s=atmyuncle’shome2.表示无生命事物的所有关系•amapofChina•thenameofthefilm•thecoverofthebook电影的名字中国地图书的封面一般用...of...结构来表示无生命的名词所有格:2)名词+of+名词性物主代词1)名词+of+名词所有格:•afriendofJack’s3.名词的双重所有格:就是指同时既使用-’s所有格又使用of所有格。afriendofhersaphotoofMrSmith’saphotoofMrSmith史密斯先生收藏的一张照片史密斯先生照的一张照片1我老师的办公室2学生们的练习本3儿童节4今天的报纸5十五分钟的路程6到汤姆家去myteacher’sofficestudents’exercisebooksChildren’sDaytoday’snewspaper15minutes’walk=a15-minutewalktoTom’s=toTom’shouse7广东的省会8教室的门9我父亲的一个朋友10他的两个兄弟11爱迪生的一些发明12他弟弟的一张照片(照片属于他弟弟)13他弟弟的一张照片(照片里的人是他弟弟)thecapitalofGuangdongthedoorsoftheclassroomafriendofmyfather(’s)twobrothersofhissomeinventionsofEdison’sapictureofhisbrother’sapictureofhisbrotherItisover____fromShijiazhuangtoBeijing.•A.threehours’driveB.threehour’sdrive•C.threehoursdriveAIhavemanyfriendshere.Lilyis_________.A.minefriendB.afriendofmyC.afriendofmineC考点四名词作定语(较少考查)Thereisonetoyfactoryinthecity.Therearetwotoyfactoriesinthecity.(1)名词作定语,一般用单数形式。如:(2)woman,man做定语修饰名词时,若所修饰的名词是单数,则man和woman用单数。若所修饰的名词是复数,则man和woman用复数。如:Thereisawomanteacher.Therearethreewomenteachers.大家来找茬•10.Thisis____bedroom.Thetwinsisterslikeitverymuch.•A.AnneandJaneB.Anne’sandJane’s•C.AnneandJane’s•11.The____parkwillopennextweek.•A.children’sB.childrens’•C.childrenBB√××√•12.Lotsofthingsaremadeof____.WemustProtect______.•A.woods;woodsB.wood;wood•C.wood;woods•16.Excuseme,whereisthe______?•A.man’sroomB.men’sroom•C.menroomsC√C×√•17.ShehasbeeninYueyangfor8years.Yueyanghasbecomehersecond_____.•A.stationB.houseC.home•20.Myteachergivesussomegood_____onEnglishlearning.•A.adviceB.suggestion•C.informationsC√B×√小伙伴们,下节课再见

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