2014年4月英语专业四级真题完形填空及答案解析

2014年4月英语专业四级真题完形填空及答案解析PARTIIICLOZE[15MIN]Decidewhichofthechoicesgivenbelowwouldbestcompletethepassageifinsertedinthecorrespondingblanks.MarkthebestchoiceforeachblankonAnswerSheetTwo.TheVictorianshadbecomeaddictedtospeedandtheywantedtogoeverfaster.Timewasmoneyandefficiencybecame(31)__important.Althoughdivisionoflabourhadbeen(32)______byAdamSmithandillustratedbyapinfactoryinTheWealthofNationsin1776,(33)______couldnowbecomefullyrealised.Thisspecialisationoflabourwasin(34)______contrasttotheruralmeansofproduction,in(35)______thefamilywasthemeansofproduction,consumptionandsocialisation.(36)______greaterspeedcameagreaterneedforindustriesandbusinessestomakemoreandmakeitquicker.Steammadethis(37)______andchangedworkinglifeforever.(38)______werethedayswhenworkwas(39)______bynaturalforces:steamengineswereservant(40)______neitherseasonnorsunshine.Factorieshadforemenandlifebecamecorrespondinglymore(41)______.Theclocking-onmachinewas(42)______in1885andtimeandmotionstudiestoincreaseefficiencywouldbeintroducedonly(43)______twentyyearslater.(44)______itwasnotallbadnews.Agriculturalincomesdependedonvariableharvestsandweather.Factoriesprovided(45)______andpredictableincome,butlonghours.Workinglifewasbecomingincreasinglyregulated,andtheworking(46)______wasreorganisedtopromoteevergreaterefficiency.Theold(47)______ofSt.Monday-whennoworkwasdone–wasgraduallyphasedoutandto(48)______,workstoppedaroundmiddayonSaturdayanddidnotresume(49)______Mondaymorning.Anewdivisionbetweenworkandleisureemerged,andthisnewblockofweekendleisuretimecoincidedwiththedevelopmentofspectatorsportslikecricketandfootball,andthe(50)______ofmusichallentertainmentforthenewworkingclasses.31.A.surprisinglyB.increasinglyC.slowlyD.obviously32.A.contributedB.informedC.spreadD.conceived33.A.itB.heC.theseD.those34.A.clearB.markedC.apparentD.firm35.A.thatB.whatC.whereD.which36.A.UponB.OverC.WithD.For37.A.possibleB.practicalC.worthwhileD.useful38.A.PassedB.LostC.GoneD.Missed39.A.definedB.dictatedC.limitedD.controlled40.A.overB.onC.byD.to41.A.controlledB.standardC.difficultD.dreadful42.A.designedB.createdC.inventedD.bought43.A.certainB.someC.theseD.those44.A.ForB.ButC.ConsequentlyD.Accordingly45.A.safeB.goodC.continuousD.secure46.A.weekB.periodC.patternD.practice47.A.cultureB.behaviorC.customD.habit48.A.repairB.compensateC.mendD.moderate49.A.beforeB.afterC.onD.until50.A.riseB.increaseC.trendD.presence答案：31.A.increasingly。Timewasmoneyandefficiencybecameincreasinglyimportant.时间就是金钱，效率变得越来越重要。32.D.conceived33.B.it34.B.marked35.D.which36.A.with37.A.possible38.C.gone39.D.dictataed40.Dto41.Bcontrolled42.C.onvented43.A.some44.B.hut45.D.secure46.A.week.47C.custom48.B.compensate49.B.until50.A.rise完整原文：TheVictorianshadbecomeaddictedtospeedand,likeallspeedcrazykids,theywantedtogoeverfaster.Timewasmoneyandefficiencybecameincreasinglyimportant.AlthoughdivisionoflabourhadbeenconceivedbyAdamSmithandillustratedbyapinfactoryinTheWealthofNationsin1776,itcouldnowbecomefullyrealised.Thisspecialisationand-byimplication-individualisationoflabourwasinmarkedcontrasttotheruralmeansofproduction,inwhichthefamilywasthemeansofproduction,consumptionandsocialisation.Withgreaterspeedcameagreaterneedforindustriesandbusinessestomakemoreandmakeitquicker.Steammadethispossibleandchangedworkinglifeforever.Gonewerethedayswhenworkwasdictatedbynaturalforces:steamengineswereservanttoneitherseasonnorsunshine.Factorieshadforemenandlifebecamecorrespondinglymorecontrolled.Theclocking-onmachinewasonventedin1885andtimeandmotionstudiestoincreaseefficiencywouldbeintroducedonlysometwentyyearslater.Butitwasnotallbadnews.Agriculturalincomesdependedonvariableharvestsandweather.Factoriesprovidedsecureandpredictableincome,butlonghours.Workinglifewasbecomingincreasinglyregulated,andtheworkingweekwasreorganisedtopromoteever-greaterefficiency.TheoldcustomofSt.Monday-whennoworkwasdone-wasgraduallyphasedoutandtocompensate,workstoppedaroundmiddayonSaturdayanddidnotresumeuntilMondaymorning.Anewdivisionbetween'work'and'leisure'emerged,andthisnewblockofweekendleisuretimecoincidedwiththedevelopmentofspectatorsportslikecricketandfootball,andtheriseofmusichallentertainmentforthenewworkingclasses.