搜索
一、法的品性（一）法的特点Wherethelawisuncertain,thereisnolaw.法无定法，则无法。Theletterswrittenstaywhilethevoicefliesaway.书写的文字留下了，说话的声音飞走了。Thelawdoesnotdefineexactly,buttrustsinthejudgmentofagoodman.法律并不做（过于）详尽规定，而委诸善良之人进行判断。Itisamiserableslaverywherethelawisvagueoruncertain.法律一旦模糊或不确定，人们就会陷入可怕的奴役。Ifyoudepartfromthelaw,youwillwanderwithoutaguide,andeverythingwillbeinastateofuncertaintytoeveryone.如果离开法律，你就会因失去方向而迷茫，所有的事物也都会处于不确定的状态。Toogreatcertaintydestroyscertaintyitself.过于确定就会破坏确定性本身。Toogreatsubtlenessinlawisreproachable.在法律中，过于精密并不可取。Thatwhichiscapableofbeingmadecertainistobetreatedcertain.可得而确定者，亦为确定。Alldefinitionsinlawarehazardous.在法律中所有定义都是危险的。Everydefinitioninlawisperilous,andanexceptionmayreverseit.法律中每一个定义都是危险的，一个例外就可以推翻它。Thepracticeoffixingandrefixingthelawsisamostdangerousone.朝令夕改是最危险的做法。Intimeofwar,thelawissilent.战争一开始，法律就沉默。Thelawssometimessleep,butneverdie.法律有时会沉睡，但绝不会灭亡。Whenthelawiseffective,thepeopleareprosperous.法律有效力。国民便昌盛。Forceisinimicaltothelaws.武力是与法律不相容的。Theorderofpleadingbeingpreserved,thelawispreserved.没有诉权，就没有法律。Thelawlooksforward,notbackward.法律向前看，不向后看。Anewstatuteshouldaffectthefuture,notthepast.新法影响未来而不是过去。Thelawprovidesforthefuture,thejudgeforthepast.法律为未来作规定，法官为过去做判决。Anewlawoughttobeprospective,notretrospectiveinitsoperations.在实施过程中，新的法律应规定未来，而不应溯及既往。Everynewlawshouldgiveaformtofuture,nottopast.任何新法均不针对过去，而是着眼于将来。Itisclearthatlawsandordinancessettlethecourseoffuturetransactionsanddonotrefertobygonematters,unlesstheirprovisionsrelateexpresslybothtoapasttimeandmattershithertopending.法律和法规之规定将来的事务，而不管过去之事项，这乃自明之理；但是法律明确规定对于迄今未决之过去事项予以适用者，不在此限。Alawisnotobligatoryunlessitbepromulgated.法律不经公布就有效力。Wherethereisnolaw,thereisnotransgression.没有法律也就谈不上违法。Nothingwhichisinconvenientislawful.不合宜者，亦不合法。Lawsareadaptedtogeneralpersonsnottosingularones.法不是针对个别人而是针对一般人而设计的。Lawsareadaptedtothosecaseswhichmostcommonlyoccur.法规是针对那些最常出现的情况制定的。Thelegislatorsdonotcareforthosethingswhichrarelyhappen.立法者不关心稀罕之事。Thosethingswhichrarelyhappenarenottobetakenintoaccountinthetransactionofbusinesswithoutsufficientreason.在处理事物时，除非有足够的根据，否则就不应当去考虑那些罕有发生的事情。Thelawdoesnotcareforverysmallortriflingmatters.法律不计较琐细的事。Thelawdoesnotconcernitselfabouttrifles.法律不关心琐碎的事情。Thelawaidstheignorant.法律帮助无知者。Thelawaidsminors.法律帮助无知者。Thelawaidsminors.法律帮助未成年人。Thelawhelpspersonswhoaredeceived,notthosedeceiving.法律帮助受欺骗的人而不帮助行骗的人。Hevainlyinvokestheaidofthelawwhotransgressesthelaw.谁违反法律谁就别指望得到法律的帮助。Lawsareimposed,notonwords,butthings.法不是玩弄文字的，而是规定事理的。Alllawsaremadeforhumanbeing.任何法都是为人而设计的。Thewisdomoflawcannotbevaluedbymoney.法律的智慧不能以金钱来衡量。Thelawdoesinjurytonoone.法律本身不会伤害任何人。Afictionoflawinjuresnoone.法律上的拟制不会损害任何人。Thelawdoesinjusticetonoone.法律不会对任何人不公平。Wherethereisalaw,thereisapenalty.有法律就有惩罚。Thelawpunishesfalsehood.法律惩罚不诚实的行为。Whateverisdoneinexcessisprohibitedbylaw.行为超过限度，法律就禁止。Themultitudeofthosewhoerrisnoexcuseforerror.法亦责众。Thelawalwaysabhorsdelay.法律总是痛恨迟延。Thelawregardstheorderofnature.法律尊重自然秩序。Inlaw,theproximate,nottheremotecauseisregarded.法律只究近因，不问远因。Thelawrequiresnotwhatisvainanduseless.法律不要求无用无益之事。Thelawneverrequireswhatisvainanduseless.法律不强制任何人实施无益或无用的行为。Lawsneverorderwhatisvain.法律不做出任何无益的命令。Thelawdoesnotarisefromtherule,buttherulefromthelaw.法非源于规则，而是规则源于法。Nomanoughttobewiserthanthelaw.任何人都不会比法律更聪明。Itiswisertoarguewithlawthantoarguewithman.与法相争比与人相争更明智。Thedispositionofawisfirmerandmorepowerfulthanthewillofman.法律的意志比人的意志更坚强有力。Thedispositionoflawismorejustthanthedispositionofman.法律的处置比人的处置更公平。Thecustodyofthelawisstrongerthanthatofman.法律的监护比人的监护更有力。Thelawisthemostsecurearmorwithwhichnoonecanbeinvaded.法律是最安全的盔甲，在法律的保护下，任何人都不会受侵犯。Lawsareeasiertobeenactedthantobecarriedout.造法易，执法难。Executionistheendandfruitofthelaw.实施乃法律的目的和果实。Theeffectofthelawconsistsintheexecution.法律的效力在于实施。Theexecutionofthelawcausesnoinjury.实施法律不会造成任何损害。Theprocessofthelawisagrievousvexation;theexecutionofthelawcrownsthework.法律的过程是令人烦恼的过程；只有法律得到了执行才算完成了工作。Lawarisesoutoffact;thatis,itsapplicationmustbetofacts.法律源于事实，即实施法律必须以事实为依据。Simplicityisfriendofthelaws.简洁乃法律之友。Thelawshouldbebriefsoastobeeasilyunderstood.法律必须简洁以便更容易掌握。Thelawistobeunderstoodbyall.法律应当被一切人所理解。Thelawsconsistnotinbeingread,butinbeingunderstood.法律在于理解，而不在于字义。Thereisnorulewithoutafault.有规则必有缺陷。Hardcasesmakebadlaw.疑难案件使法律徒具虚名。Noexampleisthesameforallpurpose.不存在可以适用于所有目的的判例。Everyexceptionitselfisalsoarule.例外自身也是一条规则。Thereisnorulebutwhatmayfail.任何规则皆有例外。Allrulesoflawareliabletoexceptions.所有的法律规则都容易有例外。Anexceptionaffirmstheruleincasesnotexcepted.一个例外在不属于例外的案件中证实了规则。Anexceptionprovesanoppositerule.一个例外可以证明一个相反的规则。Theexceptionalsodeclarestherule.例外也宣告了法律规则。Anexceptionisalwaystobeputlast.例外总是被放在最后考虑。Examplesillustrateanddonotrestrictthelaw.案例阐明而不是限制法律规则。Whateverisinsertedforthepurposeofremovingdoubtsdoesnothurtoraffectthecommonlaw.为了消除疑惑，无论增加什么都不会有损或影响普通法。Humanlawsareborn,liveanddie.人定之法都要经历产生、成长和死亡的过程。Itisaperpetuallawthatnohumanorpositivelawcanbeperpetual.没有人定法或实在法是永恒的，这一条永恒的定律。Thesmallestcircumstancemaychangethelaw.最微小的环境变化也可能导致法律的变化。Commonerror,repeatedmanytimes,makeslaw.反复出现的普遍错误也会成为法律。Commonerrorsometimespassescurrentaslaw.普遍