虚拟语气讲解和专项练习题

虚拟语气讲解和专项练习题1/4虚拟语气一．虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中以下表格是虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时，主句和从句谓语动词的形式：条件状语从句主句与现在事实相反一般过去时(be用were)should/would/could/might+动词原形与过去事实相反had+过去分词would/should/could/might+havedone与将来事实相反一般过去时(be用were)should+动词原形wereto+动词原形would/should/cold/might+动词原形1.表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果如：IfIwereaboy,Iwouldjointhearmy.Ifshehadtime,sheshouldgowithyou.2.表示与过去的事实相反的假设和结果如：Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,hewouldhavesucceededinthecompetition.3.表示与将来事实相反的假设和结果如:Ifitweretoraintomorrow,thefootballmatchwouldbeputoff.4.当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时（表示错综时间的虚拟语气），动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。如：IfIwereyou,Iwouldnothavemissedthefilmlastnight.Ifyouhadlistenedtothedoctor,youwouldbeallrightnow.(从句---用过去,主句---用现在)5.虚拟条件句可以转换成下列形式:(1)用介词代替条件状语从句,常见的介词有with,without,butfor(若/要不是)有时假设的情况并不用条件从句表示出来，而是通过介词短语来表示。如:Withoutair(Iftherewerenotair),therewouldbenolivingthings.Butforyourhelp(Ifithadn’tbeenforyourhelp)Icouldn’thavedoneit.Whatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars(ifyouhadamilliondollars?)(2)假设的情况有时可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来。如:Iwasbusythatday.OtherwiseIwouldhavegonetherewiththem.(IfIhadn’tbeenbusythatday,Iwouldhavegonetherewiththem.)Iwouldhavefinishedthework,butIwasill.(IfIhadn’tbeenill,Iwouldhavefinishedthework.)我本来该完成这项工作的，但我生病了。6.If虚拟条件句的倒装省略连词if。在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had或should，可把if省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。如:Shouldhecome(Ifheshouldcome),tellhimtoringmeup.WereIyou(IfIwereyou),Iwouldnotdoit.Hadhetakenmyadvice(Ifhehadtaken…),hewouldhavesucceeded.二．虚拟语气用于名词性从句1.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。①“wish+宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是……就好了”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could+动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”或“could(should)+have+过去分词”。如：Iwishitwerespringalltheyearround.IwishIhadknowntheanswer.IwishIcouldflylikeabird.②在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词insist、command、order、suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、request、等后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用should+动词原形或是动词原形。如:Shesuggestedwe(should)leavehereatonce.Thedoctororderedshe(should)beoperated.2.虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。作表示建议、要求、命令等的名词advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等的表语从句和同位语从句，从句中的谓语动词用“（should）+动词原形”。如：Hissuggestionthatwe(should)gotoShanghaiiswonderful.Myideaisthatthey(should)pay100dollars.3.虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“should+动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。如：Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)thatweshouldcleantheroomeveryday.Itwasapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)thatyoushouldbesocareless.Itwillbedesired(suggested,decided,ordered,requested,proposed,etc.)thatsheshouldfinishherhomeworkthisafternoon.注意：这种从句表示的是事实。如果说人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气。反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感，that从句也可用陈述句语气。如：Itispitythatyoucan’tswim.三．虚拟语气在其它场合的运用1.虚拟语气在asif/asthough、evenif/eventhough等引导的表语从句或状语从句中，如果从句表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时；指现在状况，则用一般过去时；指将来状况则用过去将来时。如：Hediditasifhewereanexpert.Evenifshewerehere,shecouldnotsolvetheproblem.2.虚拟语气用于定语从句中。这种从句常用于句型“Itis(high)time(that)…”中，定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时(be用were)或should+动词原形，意思是“(现在)该……”。如：It’stimethatIpickedupmydaughter.It’shightimeweshouldgo/wenttoschool.3.虚拟语气用在ifonly引导的感叹句中。如：IfonlyIwereabird.IfonlyIhadtakenhisadvice.4.在一些习惯表达中如：wouldrather+从句，是一个常用的虚拟语气句型。从句的谓语一般用过去时来表示现在或将来。在谈到过去的动作时，谓语则用过去完成时。虚拟语气讲解和专项练习题2/4其意为“宁愿……,还是……好些”“一个人宁愿另一个人做某事”。如：I’dratheryouleftrightaway.Don’tcometomorrow.I’dratheryoucamenextweekend.Frankly,I’dratheryouhadsaidnothingaboutitatthemeetingyesterday.5.用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿、但愿”，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。如：Mayyoubehappy!祝你快乐！Maygoodluckbeyours.祝你顺利。虚拟语气练习题(A)1.IfI_____you,Iwouldn’treturnthecall.A.beB.amC.wasD.were2.IfI_____thewaytoNewYork,I_____.A.knew;woulddriveB.knew;willdriveC.knew;wouldhavedriveD.hadknown;woulddrive3.Don'ttouchthesleepingtiger.Ifhewokeup,he_______you.A.wouldattackB.shouldattackC.wouldhaveattackedD.willattack4.IfI_____you,I_____moreattentiontoEnglishidiomsandphrases.A.was/shallpayB.am/willpayC.wouldbe/wouldpayD.were/wouldpay5.---Ithoughtyouwouldcomebacktomorrow.---IwouldifI_____toattendameeting.A.don’thaveB.didn’thaveC.willnothaveD.wouldnothave6.Maryisilltoday.Ifshe_____,she____absentfromschool.A.werenotill;wouldn'tbeB.hadbeenill;wouldn'thavebeenC.hadbeenill;shouldhavebeenD.hadn'tbeenill;couldbe(B)7.Ifyouhadtoldmeinadvance,I______himattheairport.A.wouldmeetB.wouldhadmeetC.wouldhavemetD.wouldhavemeet8.Ifit______anothertenminutes,thegamewouldhavebeencalledoff.A.hadrainedB.wouldhadrainedC.haveseenD.didsee9.IwouldhavegonetothemeetingifI_____time.A.hadhadB.havehadC.hadD.wouldhavehad10.TheBakersarrivedlastnight,ifthey’dletusknowearlier,______atthestation.A.we’dmeetthemB.we’llmeetthemC.we’dhavemetthemD.we’vemetthem11.IfIhadknownthat,I______so.A.wouldn’tdoB.wouldn’thavedoneC.won’tdoD.havenotdone12.---Helencouldn’tgottoFranceafterall.---That’stoobad,I’msureshewouldhaveenjoyeditif_______.A.she’sgoneB.she’llgoC.she’dgoneD.she’dgo13.Shecouldn’thaveansweredthequestionifshe______afewbooksonworldhistory.A.hadn’treadB.hasn’treadC.wouldn’treadD.didn’tread14.Wemighthavefailedifyou_______usahelpinghand.A.havenotgivenB.wouldnotgiveC.hadnotgivenD.didnotgive15.Youdidnotletmedrive.Ifwe_______inturn,you_______sotiredA.drove;didn’tgetB.drove;wouldn’tgetC.weredriving;wouldn’tgetD.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot(C)16Ifhe______totheteacherattentively,he_______theanswerto