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Haveyoueverseenthesesigns?parking,spitting,littering,smoking-ingformsLead-inBook4Unit2Workingtheland动词-ing形式作主语和宾语指出补充部分在句中充当的句子成分1.Sincethen,________________________hasbeenhislifegoal.□主语□宾语2.Asayoungman,hesawthegreatneedfor_______________________.□主语□宾语findingwaystogrowmorericeincreasingthericeoutput大声朗读3.Heenjoys______________________________________________________.□主语□宾语4._________________________________________________alsomeansverylittletohim.□主语□宾语Spendingmoneyonhimselforleadingacomfortablelifelisteningtoviolinmusic,playingmah-jong,swimmingandreading指出补充部分在句中充当的句子成分大声朗读动词-ing形式是在动词末尾加-ing，属于非谓语动词。如：do-doing,write-writing,sit-sitting,etc.否定形式：not+v--ing构成动词-ing形式作主语或宾语时，也可称为动名词。１．动词-ing形式作主语Running____(be)ismyfavouritesport.is1).动词-ing形式作主语往往表示习惯性、经常性的动作，谓语动词用_______.*对比：Lyingiswrong.Tolietoheriswrong.经常性动作具体的或一次性动作单数2).动词-ing形式作主语时常_______,用it作__________，用形容词或名词作______。常见的作表语的名词或短语有：________________________________________Isitworthwhilequarrellingwithher?It'suselesseatingsomuchsugar.It’snogood/nouse/nofunwaitinghere.Let’sgohome.Itwasawasteoftimereadingthatbook.后置形式主语表语worthwhile/worth,useless,nogood/use/fun,awasteoftime,hardwork,ahard/difficultjob,awonder3).句型：Thereisno+_______,意为“__________”，其中动词-ing作______。•Therewasnotellingwhenthismighthappenagain.•Therewasnoknowingwhathecoulddo.•Thereisnojokingaboutourwork.doing没法......主语单句改错。随堂练习1.LearnChineseinanEnglish-speakingABcountryisnotaneasyjob.CA.Learn→Learning用所给的词的恰当形式填空。1.Tomisverystubborn,soitisnouse_________(argue)aboutit.2.____________(know)howtoswimcanputyouindangerwhenyousuddenlyfindyourselfinwater.3.Thereisno_________(deny)thatChinahasplayedanveryimportantroleininternationaltrade.arguingNotknowingdenying2.动词-ing形式作宾语1)有些动词如admit,avoid,consider,escape,deny,risk,suggest等后接动词_______作_______，而______接动词不定式。如：We’reconsidering_________(pay)avisittotheScienceMuseum.ing宾语不能paying2)有些短语如can’thelp,beusedto,endup,feellike,leadto,bebusy,betiredof,befondof,beafraidof,beproudof,thinkof/about,putoff,keepon,insiston,begoodat,giveup等后常接名词、代词或动词_____形式作______。如：Ihavebeenusedto_________(live)here.I’mfondof________(collect)stampsandcoins.ing宾语livingcollecting3)need,require,want作“需要”解时,后接动词______形式作宾语,主动形式表示__________,相当于tobedone。如：Theradioneeds/requires/wants_______________________(repair).ing被动意义repairing/toberepaired常跟动词ing作宾语的动词歌诀:考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想，避免错过继续练，否认完成停能赏，不禁介意准逃亡，不准冒险凭想象。consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse,pardonadmit,delay/putoff,fancyavoid,miss,keep/keepon,practisedeny,finish,stop,enjoy/appreciatecan’thelp,mind,allow/permit,escapeforbid,risk,imagineComparethethreepairsofsentences.Ithasstartedtosnow.Ithasstartedsnowing.Thebandbegantoplay.Thebandbeganplaying.Theycontinuedtomeetregularly.Theycontinuedmeetingregularly.（3）start,begin,continue等动词后既可接动词ing形式也可接不定式作宾语，两者意义区别不大。Comparethethreepairsofsentences.I’dliketohaveacupofcoffee.Ilikereadingnovelsverymuch.Iprefertotakethenexttrain.Iprefergoingtoworkbybus.Oh,Ihatetoleaveyoutomorrow.Ihatelyingandcheating.一个具体动作经常性动作（4）love,hate,prefer,like等动词后接动词ing形式指经常性的动作，后接不定式指具体的动作。Comparethethreepairsofsentences.Iforgotmailingyourletter.Iforgottomailyourletter.Beingearlymaymeanswastingtime.Youreallymeantogo?Hestoppedworkingouttheproblem.Hestoppedtoworkouttheproblem.（5）stop，mean,try,remember,forget,regret等动词后接动词ing或不定式都可以，但意思不同。既跟动词-ing又接不定式作宾语的动词歌诀:双方一旦开始，不论喜欢与否，都得继续下去。不管记住与否，努力打算停止，后悔三个需要。begin,start,like,prefer,hate,dislike,continueremember,forget,try,mean,stop,regret,want,need,requireLookatthefollowingsentences.Whathaveyoufound?1)Hesuggesteddoingitinadifferentway.2)Thepresidenttriedtoavoidansweringthereporter’squestions.3)Iadmithavingreadyourletter.4)Momagreedtolendmesomemoney.5)Jackpretendednottoseemewhenhepassed.6)MyfriendofferedtohelpwhenIwasintrouble.[注意]观察以下句子并总结规律Astheobject后跟动词ing形式作宾语的动词:admit,advise,allow,appreciate,avoid,complete,consider,delay,deny,enjoy,escape,finish,imagine,keep,mind,miss,postpone,practise,quit,suggest,stop,can’tstand,can’thelp,beworth后跟动词不定式作宾语的动词:afford,agree,arrange,choose,decide,hope,expect,offer,plan,promise,determine,demand,manage,fail,prepare,refuse,pretend,seem常跟不定式作宾语的动词歌诀：三个希望两答应，两个要求莫拒绝,设法学会做决定,不要假装在选择。hope;wish;want;agree;promisedemand;ask;refusemanage;learn;decidepretend;choose想要拒绝命令，需要努力学习,期望同意帮助，希望决定开始。want;refuse;orderneed;try;learnexpect;agree;helphope;wish;decide;begin;start[注意]1.动词-ing形式的复合结构是指在动词-ing形式前面加上逻辑主语来强调动作的________，该逻辑主语常为___________________或_____________；当逻辑主语不出现在句首时，可用_____________代替形容词性物主代词或用______________代替名词的所有格。如：动词ing形式的复合结构执行者形容词性物主代词名词所有格人称代词的宾格名词普通格Tom'swinningthefirstprizelastyearimpressedmealot.Hiscleaningthehouseyesterdaymadehermotherhappy.Doyoumindmy/meleavingnow?IrememberJack/Jack'ssingingverywell.I’mannoyedabout__________________(约翰忘记付款）.Ireallycan’tunderstand__________________（你像那样对她）.Iwouldappreciate_________________________________(你父亲今天下午给我回个电话）.John’sforgettingtopayyoutreatingherlikethatyourfather'scallingbackthisafternoon随堂练习2.动词-ing形式的否定形式是在其______加not，带有逻辑主语时not应在__________________________。如：Notcleaninghisteethmadehimsmellba