动词及动词短语

objectiveTolearntousetheverbphrasescorrectly【2011江苏卷,28】——Areyoustillmadather?——Notreally,butIcan’t______thatherremarkshurtme.A．denyB．refuseC．rejectD．decline【考点】考查动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“——你还生她的气吗？——不见得，但是我不否认她的话伤害了我。”deny否认，否定；refuse，reject，decline都是拒绝的意思。notdeny无法否认。故选A。【2011湖北卷,27】Theministersaid.“Wearereadyfordiscussionswithanylegalparties,butwe’llnever_______withcriminals.”A.negotiateB.quarrelC.argueD.consult【考点】考查动词的辨析。【解析】negotiate谈判；quarrel吵架，争吵；argue辩论，争辩；consult商议,咨询。句意为“部长说：‘我们愿意与任何合法党派进行讨论，但我们决不与犯罪分子谈判。’”【2011安徽卷,34】Ifyou_____faultsbutyoustillwantthebicycle,asktheshopassistanttoreducetheprice.A.comeacrossB.careaboutC.lookforD.focusupon【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“如果你发现这辆自行车有毛病但还是想要，你就要求这家商店的营业员减价。”comeacross偶然遇到；careabout关心，在乎；lookfor寻找；focusupon专注于。【2011江西卷35】Youcan’tpredicteverything.Oftenthingsdon’t____asyouexpect.A.runoutB.breakoutC.workoutD.putout.【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。【解析】runout耗尽；breakout打破；workout算出，实现；putout扑灭。句意为“你无法预言一切。事情常常不会像你期待的那样实现。〖10全国Ⅱ〗Mymotheropeneddrawerto_________theknivesandspoons.A.putawayB.putupC.putonD.puttogether〖考点〗考查动词词组辨析。〖解析〗putaway放好,收拾起来；putup举起,搭建,张贴,挂起；puton穿上,戴上；puttogether组装,装配,把…凑合起来动词及动词短语考点1、系动词的比较；2、动词的及物与不及物；短暂性与持续性；3、意思相同或相近的动词比较；4、同一动词构成的不同词组的用法比较；5、意思相同或相近的动词短语的比较。分类功能及构成例词例句备注实义动词give,tell,send,etc.Hegavemeapresent.实义动词又可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词work,swim,arrive,etc.Hearrivedlate.及物动词＋宾语不及物动词后不加宾语系动词本身有词义，不能单独用作谓语，必须跟表语构成系表结构be,remain,keep,stay,continue,stand,sit,lie,prove,turnout,workout,seem,appearHeisateacher.Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.Theplanturnedoutasuccess.Heseems(tobe)verysad.Thesearchproveddifficult.状态类feel,smell,sound,taste,lookThiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.Thisflowersmellsverysweet.become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run,makeThefishwentbad.Hebecameadoctortwoyearsago.Shegrewrichwithinashorttime.感觉类变化类大部分的表示变化类的系动词有进行时态，但所有的系动词都没有被动结构助动词be,have,do,shall和will的各种形式本身没有词义，用以帮助构成时态、语态、否定句、疑问句、倒装句等结构。不可单独使用，须与动词原形或分词构成复合谓语Hedoesn’tlikeEnglish.Hedidknowthat.Ihaveboughtacar.Doyoulikecollegelife?NeverwillIcomeback.情态动词can(could),may(might),shall(should),will(would),must,need,dareWecan’tcarrytheheavybox.Hemaycometomorrow.Wemuststudyhard.无人称和数的变化。表示说话人的情感、态度、语气、命令、推测等。必须和动词原形连用构成谓语(ought除外)1.Theflowers___sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt2.Wehadthoughttheexaminationwouldbedifficult,butit_____easy.A.turnedB.cameC.appearedD.proved3.Ican’tseemyoldgrandma________aloneinthecountry,soI’llhaveher___withmeinthecity.A.leave,stayB.left,stayC.leaving,tostayD.left,tostay4.Whenwesawthesun____abovethesurfaceofthesea,thestudentsletoutacryofjoy.A.toraiseB.toriseC.raisingD.rising主动表被动类的动词1)sell,wash,burn,cook,cut,drive,dress,play,last,open,write,start,run,read,act,draw,clean,wear,lock,shut,dry,eat,drink,burn+adv.(well,poorly,easily,smoothly,badly)•Drywood_______________(容易燃烧）•Thecloth_____________(好洗）.3.Yourcomposition___________(读起来很好）exceptforafewspellingmistakes.（表示主语的特点、性质、状态）burnseasilywasheswellreadswell1.--Haveyougotaticketfortheconcert?--No,thetickets______wellandthey_______outlastweek.A.sell;weresoldB.sell;soldC.sell;havebeensoldD.aresell;sold2.Itissaidthatthepen____,soIboughtoneyesterday.A.writeswellB.writesgoodC.iswellwrittenD.isgoodwritten2)need,want,require(要求，需要),deserve(应得，值得),beworth(值得)，后面接doing主动形式表被动意义。Thebookisworthreading.Theseyoungseedlingswillrequire/needlookingafter(=needtobelookedafter)carefully.Yourhairwants/needscutting(needstobecut).3）有些动词(短语)只有主动形式，常视为主动表被动。takeplace,happen,breakout等。Abigfirehappened/tookplace/brokeoutlastnight.动词短语的要点Harryturnedupafterthepartywheneveryonehadleft.哈里在晚会后人们都已离去时才出现。动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配。需掌握以下要点：1．根据动词短语的不同特点，掌握其运用规律。(1)动词＋副词(不及物)Pleaseturneverylightinthehouseoff.请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。(2)动词＋副词(及物)如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间。Shegavethemaway.她把它们送人了。(3)动词＋介词(及物)I'mlookingformyglasses.我在找我的眼镜。注意：①当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在宾语后面。②动词短语可以放在句子或从句末尾She'sgotmoreworkthanshecancopewith.她的工作多得使她应付不了。(4)动词＋副词＋介词Ilookforwardtoseeingyousoon.我盼望不久就能见到你。注意：“动词＋介词”、“动词＋名词＋副词”、“动词＋副词＋介词”，这三种搭配都是及物的，如变成被动语态，不可漏掉介词。Inthiswaybothgrainandvegetablecanbewelllookedafter.(不能漏掉after)这样一来，粮食和蔬菜都能兼顾了。（5）动词+名词+介词Youshouldmakefulluseofyourtime.(6)动词+名词Greatchangesaretakingplaceinourlife.1.lay(放),lie(躺)与lie(说谎)：这三个易混动词构成见下表：易错易混点Heliedtomethathehadfinishedhishomework.他向我撒谎说完成作业了。Helaidthebabyonthebed.他把婴儿放在床上。2.rise和raise：rise是不及物动词，其过去式是rose，过去分词是risen，而raise是及物动词，是规则动词。3.hang的用法：hang有两个意思：一为“悬挂”，是不规则动词，过去式、过去分词都是hung；二为“绞刑”，是规则动词，其过去式、过去分词都是hanged。4．sit与seat：seat为及物动词时是作“容纳”讲，sit只是表示一动作。seat表示“就座”时要用beseated或用seatoneself。如：Theywereseatedattheirdesks.或Iseatedmyselfinthearmchair.Theriverhasrisenbyseveralmetres.河水上涨了好几米。It’sdifficultraisingafamilyonasmallincome.依靠微薄的收入是很难养家的。Hehunghisclothesonthewall.他把衣服挂在墙上。Themurdererwashangedandthedeadwasavenged.杀人犯被绞死了，为死者报了仇。4．可用于“动词＋sb.＋ofsth.”的常用动词accuse(控告)，cheat(欺骗)，cure(治愈)，inform(通知)，remind(提醒)，rid(摆脱)，rob(抢劫)，warn(警告)Thisphotoremindsmeofmyschooldays.这张照片使我想起了学校生活。Thepeopleofthetownwerewarnedofthedangerofflooding.该镇居民被警告有洪水危险。5．可用于“动词＋sb.＋fordoingsth.”的常用动词blame(指责)，criticise(批评)，forgive(原谅)，excuse