初中定语从句

定语从句定语从句是在主从复合句中修饰某个名词或代词句子，它在句中作定语。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫引导词(也叫关系词)。如Iknowthegirlwhoissittingunderthetree.我认识那个正坐在树下的女孩。↓↘引导词↓先行词从句(定语从句)Thisisthemostinterestingbookthathehaseverread.这是他所读过的书中最有趣的一本。↓↘引导词↓先行词从句(定语从句)考点1：先行词是人时引导词的选用(1).先行词是人，引导词后紧跟动词时用who或that.如：Herecomesthemanwho(that)wantstoseeyou.想见你的那个人来了。(先行词是theman,引导词后紧跟动词wants,故引导词用who/that)(2).先行词是人，引导词后紧跟的不是动词时要用who,whom,that.如：Thisisthepersonwhom(who,that)youarelookingfor.这正是你要找的人。(先行词是theperson,引导词后紧跟的是you,不是动词,故引导词可用who/whom/that)考点2：先行词是物时引导词的选用(1).先行词是物时，一般情况下引导词可以用which或that.如：Marylikemusicthat(which)isquietandgentle.玛丽喜欢安静柔和的音乐。(先行词是music,引导词可用which/that)Thefilmwhich(that)wesawlastnightwasveryinteresting.我们昨晚看的电影非常有趣。(先行词是film,引导词可用which/that)。HaveyouwrittendowneverythingthatMr.Linhassaid?你写下林先生所说的每样东西了吗？Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.能做的所有事情都己经做了。ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.我能为你做的事几乎没有了。②.当先行词由以下词修饰时，引导词只用that.这些词有：only,very,thesame,thelast,all,any,some,no,little,few等。如：ThatistheverydressthatIwanttobuy.那正是我要买的裙子。EnglishistheonlysubjectthatIlike.英语是我唯一喜欢的科目。CleaningtheroomagainisthelastthingthatIcandoforyou.再次打扫房间是我能为你做的最后一事。③.当先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，引导词只用that.ThisisthefifthschoolthatIhavetaughtsofar.这是我目前为止教过的第5所学校。Mr.Li’sclassisthemostinterestingonethatIhaveeverhad.李老师的课是我上过的最有趣的课。④.当先行词有人又有物时，只能用that。如：Canyourememberthewriterandhisbooksthatwehavereported?拓展知识考点3：先行词是时间，地点，原因时引导词的选用(1).先行词是时间,地点，原因并在从句中作状语时,引导词分别用when,where,why,也可以用介词+which结构。如：Iwantedtoknowthedaywhenhewasborn.=Iwantedtoknowthedayonwhichhewasborn.我想知道他出生在哪一天。Hestilllovedtheschoolwherewestudiedtogethertwoyearsago.=Hestilllovedtheschoolinwhichwestudiedtogethertwoyearsago.他仍然爱那所我们两年前一起读书的学校。Doyouknowthereasonwhyhewaslateforschool?你知道他迟到的原因吗？(2).先行词是时间,地点并在从句中作主语或宾语时,引导词用which或者that。如：Irememberthedayswhich(that)wespentonthefarm.我记得我们在农场渡过的日子。LuMingstudiesintheschoolwhich(that)wasbuilt1yearsago.卢明在一所1年前建好的学校里读书。考点4：引导词前有介词时，先行词是人,引导词只能用whom,先行词是事物时，引导词只用which。如：ThisisthefriendtowhomItalkalot.这是跟我谈话很多的朋友。JackystayedintheroominwhichLuXunoncelived.杰克呆在那个鲁迅曾经住过的房间。考点5：先行词是代词时，先判断其指代人还是指代物，再决定用哪个引导词。如：Idon’tlikethosewhotalkmuchbutdolittle.我不喜欢说得多做得少的人。Thesleepingtigersarebiggerthanthosewhicharetrainedthere.这睡着的老虎们比那些被训练的大。宾语从句宾语从句是在主从复合句中作主句的宾语的句子。如：Rosesaidshewouldvisitussometimenextweek.露丝说她下星期某时会来看我们。↓↓主句从句(宾语从句)Couldyoutellmewhereheisfrom?你能告诉我他来自哪里吗？↓↓主句从句(宾语从句)考点1：引导词的选用(1).陈述句的引导词用that，常可省略。IamgoingtomeetmynetfriendsinGuangzhou.Hesaid.→HesaidthathewasgoingtomeethisnetfriendsinGuangzhou.他说他将要在广州见他的网友。(2).一般疑问句的引导词用if/whether(是否)。（后有or时只用whether）Wouldyouliketoplaybasketballwithme?Heaskedme.→Heaskedmeif/whetherIwouldliketoplaybasketballwithhim.他问我是否会和他去打篮球。Isitafasttrainoraslowlyone?Iwantedtoknow.→Iwantedtoknowwhetheritwasafasttrainoraslowlyone.我想知道这是快车还是慢车。(3).特殊疑问句的引导词用特殊疑问词。Howoldareyou?Theywanttoknow.→Theywanttoknowhowoldyouare.他们想知道你多大年纪了。Whatareyougoingtodothisafternoon?Heaskedme.→HeaskedmewhatIwasgoingtodothisafternoon.他问我今天下午要做什么。考点2：语序(宾语从句中从句要用陈述句语序，即从句中的第1助动词在主语之后）HeaskedJane:“Whydon’tyoucome”?疑问语序(第1助动词don’t在主语you之前)HeaskedJanewhyshedidn’tcomelastnight.陈述语序(第1助动词didn’t在主语you之后)LucywantedtoknowifIcouldmakeacakeforyou.露丝想知道我是否会为你做个蛋糕。特殊：①.What’swrongwith…在宾语从句中不变语序。如：Iwanttoknowwhat’swrongwithyou.我想知道你怎么啦。②.引导词在从句中做主语时，语序不变。如：Jackaskedmewhowouldgiveusthelecturethisafternoon.杰克问我谁今天下午会给我们做报告。(who是引导词，在宾语从句中作动词wouldgive的主语，本身己是陈述语序，不需再变。)考点3：时态（主句从句在时态上要一致）(1).主句是现在时(一般现在时，一般将来时，现在进行时，现在完成时)，从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。“Johnspeakshighlyofyou.”Tomtellsme.→TomtellsmethatJohnspeakshighlyofme.汤姆告诉我约翰高度评价我。(主句用tells,是一般现在时，从句原时态是speaks,在这里还是用speaks)HeaskedJanewhyshedidn’tcomelastnight.陈述语序(第1助动词didn’t在主语you之后)LucywantedtoknowifIcouldmakeacakeforyou.露丝想知道我是否会为你做个蛋糕。(2).主句是过去时(一般过去时，过去进行时)，从句只用过去某种相应时态。“Whenshallwehavethemeeting?”Theboyasked.→Theboyaskedwhentheyshouldhavethemeeting.男孩问他们应该什么时候开会。(主句用asked，是一般过去时，从句用相应的某种过去时，这里shall→should)(3).从句表示客观真理或事实时，主句即使用过去时，从句仍然用一般现在时。“Theearthgoesaroundthesun.”Theteachertoldthestudents.→Theteachertoldthestudentsthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.老师告诉学生们地球绕着太阳走。(主句用told,为一般过去时，但从句中theearthgoesaroundthesun是客观事实，所以时态还用一般现在时，不用变)Jimaskedmewhetherthelighttravelsfasterthanthesound.考点4：宾语从句答题技巧(逐步排除法)先用语序判断，再用时态求证，如有需要再用引导词及意思去决定)如：()–Everyonewantedtoknow_______________yesterday.Couldyoutellus,Ann?–Bybus,ofcourse.Itwastoofaraway.A.howoldareyouB.whereyouwillgoC.howyouwentthereD.whyyouwerelate先从语序判断，把A给排除了，再用时态去求证，主句用wanted，是一般过去时，从句该用过去的某种时态，从这一点考虑，把B给排除了，用引导词及意思判断，她的答语是Bybus.故意思符合的只有答案C啦。2015年中考英语单项选择题汇编（宾语从句）20.－Excuseme,canyoutellme_____?－Atabout8o’clock.（2015安顺）A.whattimetheplanearriveinBeijingB.whattimetheplanewillarriveBeijingC.whattimetheplanewillreachBeijingD.whattimewilltheplanegettoBeijing参考答案：C10.－Couldyoutellme_____theDragonBoatFestivalinChina?－Sure.Peopleusuallywatchthedragonboatracesandeatzongzi.（2015长沙）A.whendopeoplecelebrateB.whypeoplecelebrateC.howpeoplecelebrate参考答案：C5.－Doyouknow_____?－Yes.It’sonyourtable.（2015三亚）A.wheremydictionaryisB.whereismydictionaryC.whenIboughtmydictionary参考答案：A17.－Doyouknow_____?－Foramonth.（2015天津）A.howlongwillshebeaway