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LessonTwoMarrakechbyGeorgeOrwellcontent•BackgroundInformation•Abouttheauthor•Marrakech•DetailedLearning•Summary•RhetoricalDevices•Exercises(omitted)•AbouttheAuthor-GerogeOrwellGeorgeOrwell(1903-1950):♠thepseudonymofEricArthurBlair♠aBritishnovelistandessayist♠borninIndia,father,asocalledempire-builder--servingtheBritishgovernmentabroad.AbouttheAuthor-GerogeOrwell•1922-1927,servinginBurmaasaBritishcolonialpolice---understandingthenatureoftheimperialismandcolonialism•traveledwidely(includingMarrakech).Histravelmadehimtakeahostileattitudetowardimperialism.Heshoweddeepsympathyforthepoorandbecameafirmsupporterofsocialism.AbouttheAuthor-GerogeOrwell•1936,hejoinedSpanishwarandwasseriouslywounded.TheSpanishsocialistforcesdividedintofactions.Thefactionhebelongedtowaspersecuted.Sohebecamesopessimisticanddepressed,whichledhimtowardanti-communistattitude.AbouttheAuthor-GerogeOrwell•Orwellwasakeencriticofimperialism,fascism,Stalinism,andcapitalism.•Hisworksareconcernedwiththesociopoliticalconditionsofhistime,notablywiththeproblemofhumanfreedom.AbouttheAuthor-GerogeOrwell•Hisworks•DownandOutinParisandLondon(1933)《巴黎伦敦落魄记》•BurmeseDays(1934)《缅甸岁月》•AClergyman’sDaughter(1935)《牧师的女儿》•KeeptheAspidistraFlying(1936)《让叶兰在风中飞舞》•TheRoadtoWiganPier(1937)《去维冈码头之路》•HomagetoCatalonia(1938)《向加泰罗尼亚致敬》•ComingupforAir(1940)《上来透口气》•AnimalFarm(1945)《动物农场》•NineteenEighty-Four(1949)《1984》•ShootinganElephant(1950)《猎象》AbouttheAuthor-GerogeOrwell•Thefeaturesofhisworks•showsharpobservationanddeepsympathyforsufferingpeople.•Hisworksgiveadeepsenseofconvictionandurgency.••clear,simpleanddirectlanguage,withnodecorationMarrakech•Marrakech/Marrakesh(马拉喀什)•Location:AtthecenterofwestMorocco,attheNorthernfootofthehighAtlas.130milessouthofCasablanca,thechiefseaport.•---ItistheprincipalcommercialcenterofMorocco.•---Ithasextremelyhotsummersbutmildwinters.•---Renownedforleathergoods•---theoldcityislikeamazefullofcrooked,deadenedstreets.DetailedLearning--Para.1•Asthecorpsewentpasttheflieslefttherestauranttableinacloudandrushedafterit,buttheycamebackafewminuteslater.•1)thecorpsewentpast:morevividthanitwascarriedpast•2)fliesinacloud:theterriblesanitorycondition/unsanitoryDetailedLearning--Para.2•Thelittlecrowdofmourners--allmenandboys,nowomen--threadedtheirwayacrossthemarketplacebetweenthepilesofpomegranatesandthetaxisandthecamels,wailingashortchantoverandoveragain.•1)mourner:someoneattendingafuneral•2)nowomen:AccordingtoMuslismlaw,womenarerespected,andforthisreasonwomenandgirlsusedtobekeptinthehouse,wheretheywouldbesafe.Whentheywentouttheyworetheveilstocovertheirfaces.Butthislawhasbecoemakindofexcusetodiscriminateagainstwomen.Theyareverypassivemembersofthesocietyandhavelowsocialposition.•3)wail:aprolongedhigh-pitchedcryofpain,grief,oranger/lamentsb哀叹哀诉•4)chant:anthem/psalm圣歌、赞美诗DetailedLearning--Para.2•Theburying-groundismerelyahugewasteofhummockyearth,likeaderelictbuilding-lot.•1)hummocky:/round/knoll/mound圆形的，球形的•2)derelict:deserted/abandoned•Theburyinggroundisnothingmorethanahugeroundearthwhichislikeadesertedbuildingplace.DetailedLearning--Para.3•Whenyouwalkthroughatownlikethis--twohundredthousandinhabitantsofwhomatleasttwentythousandownliterallynothingexcepttheragstheystandupin--whenyouseehowthepeoplelive,andstillmorehoweasilytheydie,itisalwaysdifficulttobelievethatyouarewalkingamonghumanbeings.•当你穿行也这样的城镇——其居民20万中至少有2万是除了一身聊以蔽体的破衣烂衫之外完全一无所有——当你看到那些人是如何生活，又如何动辄死亡时，你永远难以相信自己是行走在人类之中。DetailedLearning--Para.3•Allcolonialempiresareinrealityfoundeduponthisfact.•1)thisfact:thepeopleinthecoloniesarenottreatedashumanbeings.•Alltheimperialistsbuilduptheirempiresbytreatingthepeopleinthecolonieslikeanimals.DetailedLearning--Para.3•Aretheyreallythesamefleshasyourself?Dotheyevenhavenames?Oraretheymerelyakindofundifferentiatedbrownstuff,aboutasindividualasbeesorcoralinsects?•1)flesh:humanbeing•Theyarenottreatedashumanbeingsasyouandme.Perhapstheydon'thavenames.Theyarelikebeesorcoralinsectswhicharesoalikethatit'sdifficulttodinguishonefromtheothers.•他们真的和你意义同属人类吗？难道他们也会有名有姓吗？也许他们只是像彼此之间难以区分的蜜蜂或珊瑚虫一样的东西。DetailedLearning--Para.3•Theyriseoutoftheearth，theysweatandstarveforafewyears,andthentheysinkbackintothenamelessmoundsofthegraveyardandnobodynoticesthattheyaregone.•1)riseoutof:bebornin(metaphor)•2)sweatandstarve:workhardbutmakelittlemoney(alliteration)•3)gone:dead•他们来到这个世界，受苦受累，忍饥挨饿几年，然后被埋在那一个个无名的小坟丘里。谁也不会注意到他们的离去。DetailedLearning--Para.3•Sometimes,outforawalkasyoubreakyourwaythroughthepricklypear,younoticethatitisratherbumpyunderfoot,andonlyacertainregularityinthebumpstellsyouthatyouarewalkingoverskeletons.•1)breakyourway:forceorpickyourway•2)pricklypear:akindofcactus仙人球coveredwithprickleshavingshapedfruitspricklypearDetailedLearning--Para.3•Sometimes,outforawalkasyoubreakyourwaythroughthepricklypear,younoticethatitisratherbumpyunderfoot,andonlyacertainregularityinthebumpstellsyouthatyouarewalkingoverskeletons.•Sometimeswhenyougooutforawalkthroughthepricklypear,youmightfindthatthegroundisbumpy.Yourealizethatyouarewalkingonskeletons.Youknowtheyaregravesonlybecausethebumpsappea