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语法复习直接引语和间接引语(Directspeechandindirectspeech)DirectSpeechandReportedSpeech引语的概念直接引述别人的原话，叫____________;直接引语用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫_________。间接引语直接引语通常都用____________括起来，引号“”一、a.从句是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰时。1.Shesaid.“Mybrotherwantstogoshopping2.withme.”Shesaidbrotherwantedtogoshoppingwith.2.Hesays,“Iamtired.”Hesaysistired.Conclusion（结论）：一随主。herherheb.从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称所修饰时。1.LucyaskedTom,“Canyouhelpme?”LucyaskedTomifcouldhelp.2.HesaidtoKate.“Howisyoursisternow?”HeaskedKatehowsisterwasthen。heherConclusion（结论）：二随宾。herC.如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰1.MrSmithsaid,“Jackisagoodboy.”MrSmithsaidwasagoodboy.2.Wesaidtoher,“Theyarewalkingthroughthestreetnow.”Wetoldherthatwerewalkingthroughthestreetthen.Conclusion（结论）：也称“第三人称不更新”。Jack口诀：一随主,二随宾，第三人称不更新。they二、如何变时态：直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。1.主句为过去式时1)Shesaid:”Iamastudent.”→Shesaid(that)sheastudent.2)Shesaid,Hewillgotoseehisfriend.”→Shesaidhegotoseehisfriend。Tomsaid,”Iamgoingtoplaybasketballtomorrow.”→Tomsaidhegoingtoplaybasketballtomorrow.Conclusion（结论）：主句为过去时态时，从句则一般都改成过去时态，也称：主过从过waswouldwas直接引语变间接引语,主句为过去时时，从句时态要发生如下变化:一般现在时现在完成时现在进行时一般将来时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去进行时过去将来时过去完成时注意：以下几种情况时态不变①直接引语是客观真理，经常用一般现在时。TheteachersaidTheearthmovesaroundthesun.”→Theteachersaidtometheeartharoundthesunearth.③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：Jacksaid.IwasbornonApril2l,1980.→JacksaidhebornonApril21,1980.②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。Jacksaid.“IwasreadingwhenTomcametoseeme”.→JacksaidhewhenTomcametoseehim.moveswasreadingwas④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。Hesaid,“Igetupatsixeverymorning。”→Hesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning.⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式不再变（could,should,would,might）,和已经是过去时的形式时，不再变(oughtto，hadbetter,usedto)。Thedoctorsaid,“Youshouldstayinbedfor2days.”→ThedoctorsaidIshouldstayinbedfor2days.”Petersaid.Youhadbettercomeheretoday.→PetersaidIhadbettergotherethatday.三、如何变状语：直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律，1.时间状语，由“现在”改为“原来”（例：now变为then,yesterday为thedaybefore,today变为thatday等）Hesaid,“Iwanttogoswimmingnow.”→Hesaidhewantedtogoswimming.thennow----thentoday----thatdayyesterday---thedaybeforelastweek----theweekbeforethreedaysago----threedaysbeforetomorrow----thenextdaynextweek----thenextweek2.地点状语,here变thereTheteachersaid,“Youshouldcomehereat7:00.”→TheteachersaidIshouldgoat7:00.3.指示代词修饰的状语，this改为that,these改为thoseHesaid,Thisbooksismine.“→Hesaidbookwashis.4.动词的转变，come—go,bring—taketherethat四、如何变句型(引导词的运用)：①直接引语如果是陈述句式…said/toldthat…Shesaid,Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes.“→Shesaidtheirbuswouldarriveinfiveminutes.②直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由或引导的宾语从句.Hesaid,Canyouswim,John?“→HeaskedJohnhecouldswim.Doyougotoschoolbybusorbybike?→HeaskedmeIwenttoschoolbybusorbybike.thatwhetherifthatwhetherif③直接引语如果是特殊问句，必须用陈述句语序）。Sheaskedme,Whendotheyhavetheirdinner?”→Sheaskedme.Sheaskedme,WhatwasJackdoingwhenIcomein?”→Sheaskedme.④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为不定式的形式如“tell(ask等)sb(not)todosth.“句型。如:1.Don'tmakeanynoise,shesaidtothestudents.→Shetoldthestudentsnottomakeanynoise.2.“Openthedoor,please,saidshe.→Sheaskedhimtoopenthedoor.whentheyhadtheirdinnerwhatJackwasdoingwhenshecamein直接引语转换间接引语时句式结构变化1.直接引语是陈述句（用that引导，口语中可省略）2.直接引语是一般疑问句(用if/whether引导，陈述句语序)3.直接引语是特殊疑问句(特殊疑问词引导，陈述句语序)1.Hesaid,“IliveinXiamen.”→Hesaid2.Shesaid,“Areyouinterestedinchemistry?”→Sheasked3.Heaskedme,“Whatarethese?”→Heaskedme4.Bettyaskedme“Whereareyoufrom?”→Bettyaskedme【thathelivedinXiamen】.宾语从句【if／whetherIwasinterestedinchemistry】.宾语从句【whatthosewere】.宾语从句【whereIwasfrom】.宾语从句间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个宾语从句找出下列各句子中的错误的地方，并加以改正。1.Hetoldmethathehavelefthisbookinhisroom.2.SheaskedTomifdidhecanhelpher.3.Sheaskedmewhendidtheyhavetheirdinner.4.Theteachertoldthestudentsdonottowastetheirtime.5.Theteachersaidthattheearthwentroundthesun.hadifhecouldtheyhad去掉dogoes1.“Ilikereadingadventurestories,”saidJohn.Johnsaidthathelikedreadingadventurestories.2.“Idon’tlikecomputers,”Sarahsaidtoherfriend.Sarahtoldherfriendsthatshedidn’tlikecomputers.ExerciseI3.“Ann,haveyouseenmybluenotebook?”Peterasked.PeteraskedAnnifshehadseenhisbluenotebook.4.“Howcanyoudothat?”MarysaidtoAnn.MaryaskedAnnhowshecoulddothat.5.“Whatdifferencedoesitmake?”PeteraskedJim.PeteraskedJimwhatdifferenceitmade.直接引语变为间接引语有下列一些注意事项：1.人称的变化。2.时态的变化。3.如何变状语。4.引导词的运用。5.动词的改变。6.从句用陈述语序。小结归纳