英语中的省略

Ellipsis省略groupworkdiscussexercises2onpage37ingroupsComparethefollowingsentencesYoucangetburnedbyhotliquidsandyoucangetburnedbysteam.Youcangetburnedbyhotliquidsandstem.Tieabandagefirmlyovertheburntarea,whenabandageisnecessary.Tieabandagefirmlyovertheburntarea,whennecessary.Theseburnsarenotseriousandtheyshouldfeelbetterwithinadayortwodays.Theseburnsarenotseriousandshouldfeelbetterwithinadayortwo.Theseburnsaffectthetoplayeroftheskinandtheyalsoaffectthesecondlayeroftheskin.Theseburnsaffectthetopandthesecondlayeroftheskin.ComparethefollowingsentencesFirstdegreeburnsturnwhitewhentheyarepressed.Firstdegreeburnsturnwhitewhenpressed.ComparethefollowingsentencesThedifference:TherearelotsofrepeatedwordsandphrasesinSentenceA.SentenceBisbetterbecause:Itdoesn’thaveunnecessaryrepetitionsinitItiseasiertounderstandItsoundsmuchlessawkwardthanSentenceA.Ellipsis省略WhatisEllipsis?theactofleavingoutawordorwordsfromasentencedeliberately,whenthemeaningcanbeunderstoodwithoutthem.为了使语言简洁或避免重复，省略句中的一个或几个句子成分，这种语法现象成为省略Howareyou?Fine,thankyou!Andyou?Iamfine.Ithankyou,Andhowareyou?Nicetomeetyou!Itisnicetomeetyou!Gladtoseeyou!Iamgladtoseeyou!Ok!Great!Wonderful!(Isit)Really?FindoutsentenceswithellipsisfromtheWarmingupandtheReadingOftentheillnessorinjuryisnotserious,butthereareothertimeswhen(theillnessotinjuryisseriousand)givingfirstaidquicklycansavelives.Burnsarecalledfirst(degreeburns),second(degreeburns)orthirddegreeburns,…Theseaffectsboththetop(layeroftheskin)andthesecondlayeroftheskin.Removeclothingusingscissorsifnecessary…Differentformsofellipsisellipsisinsimplesentence简单句省略ellipsisincompoundsentence并列句省略ellipsisincomplexsentence复合句省略ellipsisinsentencewith“todo”不定式省略ellipsisinsimplesentenceGladtoseeyou.Hopetohearfromyou.Happynewyear.—Thesametoyou.Nicedayagain.日常生活中的省略(You)Openthedoor.(Youmust)Becareful!/Lookout!祈使句中省略，常省略主语ellipsisinsimplesentence—Areyouastudent?—Yes,Iam(astudent).—Please(you)payspecialattentiontothesevaluableflowers.—OK,Iwill(payspecialattentiontothose…).—Johnboughtanewcar.—When(didhebuythenewcar)?回应对方所说的话，省略重复内容ellipsisinsimplesentenceWhatacleverkid(heis)!Howbeautiful(thesceneis)!Excellent!/Wonderful!感叹句中的省略，突出感叹部分I’msixteen(yearsold).It’sten(o’clock)now.年龄或钟点中，省略和年龄或钟点相关的词ellipsisincompoundsentence在并列句中如果后面分句与前面分句有相同的成分，常省略以避免重复。It’sinterestingthatsomeoftheflowersareyellowandsome(oftheflowersare)white.Shecouldhaveappliedforthatjobbutshedidn’t(applyforthejob).Iworkedinafactoryandmybrother(worked)onafarm.Myroomisonthesecondflourandhis(roomis)onthethird(flour).词性不同不可以省略IwasallowedtogoabroadandIwashappy.Themanhasapianoandhehasplayeditmanytimes.IdidmyhomeworkyesterdayandIdidnotfinishit.ellipsisincompoundsentenceellipsisincomplexsentenceThefilm(that/which)wesawlastnightwaswonderful.Theperson(whom)youtalkedwithjustnowismyteacher.定语从句中关系代词that,which,whom在从句中作宾语时可以省略。Ithink(that)Englishisaneasysubject.Iknow(that)sheisateacherandthatsheisanexcellentwriter.宾语从句中连词that引导的宾语从句中that可以省略ellipsisincomplexsentence状语从句的主语和主句主语一致时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和系动词beIfinvited,Iwillgotohisparty.(IfIaminvited)Thoughyoung,heknowsalotofthings.(Thoughheisyoung)Workhardwhen(youare)young,oryou’llregret.While(Iwas)walkingalongthestreet,Iheardmynamecalled.Helookedeverywhereasif(hewas)insearchofsomething.Heopenedhislipsasif(hewas)tospeak.ellipsisincomplexsentence当从句的主语是it，谓语动词中又含有系动词be时，可以把it和be一起省略，构成连词（if,unless,when,etc.)+adj.Unless(itis)necessary,you’dbetternotrefertothedictionary.Removeclothingusingscissorsif(itis)necessary.Keepthemhigherthantheheart,if(itis)possible.ellipsisinsentencewith“todo”省略to保留to，省略其后部分在动词see,watch,notice,observe,lookat,make,have,hear,listento,feel等后的不定式作宾补，省略不定式符号to。但是如果变为被动语态，to必须加上Thebossmadehismenworkeighteenhoursaday.Tomwasmadetowashthedishesforaweekasapunishment.ellipsisinsentencewith“todo”两个或两个以上的动词不定式由连词（and,but,or,than等）连接时，从第二个不定式起，一般省略不定式符号to，但如果强调对比之意时不省略。Idon’tknowwhethertostayor(to)leave.Thestudentsaretaughttoread,(to)write,and(to)domanyotherthings.It’smoredifficulttodothantosay.Theteachercamenottopunishyoubuttohelpyou.ellipsisinsentencewith“todo”在…donothingbut/exceptdo…结构中，介词but或except后作宾语的不定式，如果前有实义动词do的某种形式，省略不定式符号to，若前面没有do，而是其他的动词，一般不省。Thelittleboydidnothingbutcry.Thereisnothingtodoexceptwaittillitstopsraining.Ineverycoldweather,thehibernatinganimalshadnochoicebuttoliedownandsleep.ellipsisinsentencewith“todo”在一些类似情态动词词组hadbetter/wouldrather/ratherthan/can‘tbut/can’thelpbut等之后，省略不定式符号to.Jackwouldratherreadthantalk.You’dbetterputonmoreclothes,oryou'llcatchabadcold.Shedarestogotothelonelyislandbyherself.Ican’tbutadmireherbravery.ellipsisinsentencewith“todo”一些表示心理活动,情感态度的动词或短语,如expect/want/hope/wish/love/hate/decide/plan/mean/try/wouldlike/beready/beafraid/beglad/bepleased/bedelighted等后,动词不定式省略to后面的动词部分,但保留to.Iaskedhimtoseethefilm,buthedidn’twantto.—Willyougowithme—Well,I’dliketo./I’mgladto.ellipsisinsentencewith“todo”在一些情态动词或助动词oughtto/haveto/usedto/beableto后省略to后面的成分，保留to—MustIgonow—No.Youdon’thaveto.—Areyouplanningt