高考英语的五种省略结构

高考英语的五种省略结构下面是2007年福建省高考英语中的一道单选题：Although_____myopinion，theoldprofessordid’tcomeupwithhisown.A.againstB.onC.forD.in此题答案选A。根据句首的although可知，前后两者意思相反，故填against。全句意为：虽然老教授不同意我的观点，但他也提不出自己的观点。句中的althoughagainstmyopinion为althoughhewasagainstmyopinion之省略，为“连词＋省略结构”的一种。这类结构归纳起来主要有以下几种类型：一、连词＋介词Whileatcollege，Deliawroteanovel.上大学时，迪莉娅写了一部小说。Onceintheexaminationhall，heforgotaboutallthis.一进考场，这一切他都忘了。WhileinLondon，hestudiedtheEnglishlabourmovement.在伦敦时他研究了英国的工人运动。二、连词＋形容词Heactedasifcertainofsuccess.他表现得对成功很有把握似的。Ifpossible，letmeknowbeforehand.如果可能，可在事前通知我。Thoughexhausted，hestayeduplate.尽管疲惫不堪，他仍很晚才睡。Wheneverpossible，thechildrenplayoutside.每当有可能，孩子们总在外边玩耍。Avoidstructuresofthiskindwhereverpossible.只要可能，都要避免这种结构。Herdaughterswereofsomehelp，howeversmall.她的女儿们总能帮些忙，不管多小的忙。三、连词＋现在分词Shetrembledalittlewhiledoingso.她这样做时稍稍颤抖了一下。HetendstogetcarriedawaywhenwatchingwrestlingonTV.他一看电视中的摔跤节目就很兴奋。Theyweresurprisedbyheropennesswhentalkingaboutherprivatelife.她谈起私生活时非常坦率，他们都很吃惊。注：以下两句中的before不是连词，而是介词，其中的-ing形式为动名词，而非现在分词。Beforegivingevidencethewitnesshadtotakeanoath.证人作证前要先宣誓。Itwouldbeunwisetobuythehousebeforehavingitappraised.买房子不事先估价是不明智的。四、连词＋过去分词Hewillcomeifasked.他如被邀就会来。Whenasked，sheconfirmedthatshewasgoingtoretire.有人问她时，她肯定了她将要退休。Whilelockedupinprison，shewroteherfirstnovel.她在狱中写出了她的第一部小说。Whentakenaccordingtotheinstructions，thedrughasnoside-effects.若按说明服用，本药无任何副作用。五、连词＋不定式Smilingpleasantly，thestrangerturnedasiftospeaktome.那个陌生人面带愉悦的笑容，转身面向我，似乎想对我说话。【温馨提示】1.“连词＋省略结构”通常可视为一种紧缩的状语从句，即认为是省略了从句的主语（与主句主语一致）和主语后的动词be。如：Lookoutforcarswhen（youare）crossingthestreet.过街时注意车辆。Heactedasif（hewas）certainofsuccess.他的举止就像一定会成功似的。有时可视为省略了itis（其中的it并非主句主语）。如：If（itis）possible，pleaseletmeknowbythisevening.如果可能的话，请在今晚以前告诉我。Where（itis）necessary，improvementswillbemade.哪儿需要，就在哪儿改进。2.并不是所有的状语从句都可以用以上办法来紧缩的，如原因从句就不能用这种办法来处理。3.与上面提到的省略结构相似且经常在高考中出现的还有ifnot...这一形式。如：Hispronunciation，ifnotgood，isatleasttolerable.他的发音即使说不上好，也还过得去。Ifnottoday，tomorrowI’msureyou’llgetananswer.如果今天得不到回信，明天准能得到。Usually，ifnotalways，wewrite“cannot”asoneword.我们即使不总是如此，也通常是把cannot作为一个词来写的。Thisisoneoftheoldestbuildingsintown，ifnottheoldest.这是城里最古老的房屋之一，如果不是最古老的话。请看下面两道高考题：1.Weallknowthat,B,thesituationwillgetworse.（2007全国卷Ⅰ）A.notifdealtcarefullywithB.ifnotcarefullydealtwithC.ifdealtnotcarefullywithD.notifcarefullydealtwith2.Thoughhestartedlate，Mr.Guoplayedthepianoaswellas,ifA,MissLiu.（2007陕西卷）A.notbetterthanB.notbetterC.nobetterthanD.nobetter【小小考场】1.When_____thetunnelwillbethelongestintheworld.A.completeB.completingC.havingcompletedD.completed2.Although_____beforethewar，theengineisstillinperfectorder.A.buildingB.builtC.tobebuildingD.tohavebeenbuilt3.Unless_____，thislawwillmakelifedifficultforfarmers.A.tochangeB.changingC.changedD.tobechanged4.Donotleavethebuildingunless_____todoso.A.toinstructB.instructedC.beinginstructedD.instructing5.When_____ifhewantedanythingelse,hejustshookhishead.A.askingB.toaskC.askedD.tobeasked6.If_____forthispost,youwillbeinformedwithinaweek.A.acceptingB.toacceptC.acceptedD.tobeaccepted7.Theseworkingconditionsareunhealthy，_____extremelydangerous.A.ifsoB.ifnotC.soifD.notif8.Herneedsarejustasimportantasyours，_____so.A.ifnotmoreB.ifmorenotC.morenotifD.notifmore9.Where_____necessary，improvementswillbemade.A.theyareB.weareC.areD.不填10.Shehurriedoutoftheroom，asif_____angry.A.wasB.itwasC.gotD.不填11._____payingbycreditcard，pleasepayincash.A.UnlessB.UntilC.SinceD.Before12.Although_____tenyearsago，thehousestilllooksnew.A.buildingB.builtC.tobuildD.havingbuilt13.By1977thingswerebeginningtoimprove，_____quicklyenough.A.evenifnotB.evennotifC.ifnotevenD.ifevennot【参考答案】1—5DBCBC6—10CBADD11—13ABA