Christianity

Content•TheoriginofChristianity•BasicbeliefsofChristianity•TheChristianCredendum•Christianscattergram•Bible•mainChristianfestivalsOriginChristianityisrootedinJudaismandfoundedbyJesusinthePalestinianterritoryinamid-centuryinthebreakawayfromJudaismasanindependentreligionin135years.EarlyChristianityhadbeensubjectedtocruelpersecution(迫害）andrepression（镇压）oftheRomanEmperors.In313,theRomanEmperorConstantineIissuedEdictofMilan（米兰）,declaredcommonfreedomwithChristianityandallotherreligions,withoutdiscrimination.Sincethen,Christianitybecameanofficialrecognitionofthelegitimate（合法的）religion.In392,ChristianitybecamethestatereligionofRomanEmpire,andgraduallybecamethemainspiritualpillarofmedievalEuropeanfeudalsociety.In1054,ChristianitywassplitintotheRomanCatholicandOrthodox.Inthel6century,withtheriseofWesternEuropeannation-stateandpublicclass,Rome,theReformationmovementbrokeoutagainstruleofthePope.Afterthese,someofthenewsect,knownastheProtestant,weresplitfromtheCatholicChurch.So,ChristianityisgeneralofCatholic,OrthodoxandProtestant.返回•基督教根源于犹太教，公元1世纪中叶耶稣创立。135年从犹太教中分裂出来成为独立的宗教。早期基督教曾受到罗马皇帝的残酷迫害和镇压。公元313年，罗马帝国皇帝君士坦丁一世发布“米兰敕令”，宣布基督教可与所有其他宗教同享自由，不受歧视。从此基督教成为官方认可的合法宗教。392年，基督教成为罗马帝国的国教，并逐渐成为中世纪欧洲封建社会的主要精神支柱。1054年，基督教分裂为罗马天主教和东正教。l6世纪，随着西欧民族国家和市民阶级的兴起，爆发了反对罗马教皇封建统治的宗教改革运动，后陆续分化出脱离天主教会的一些新宗派，称为“新教”。所以，基督教是天主教、东正教和新教的总称。BeliefsChristianitybelievesinoneGod,whilethecentralfigureinChristianityisJesus(orChrist),aJewwhocameintothisworldbyImmaculateConceptiontoavirginnamedMary.It’sbelievedthatJesuswasnotonlyman,butalsothesonofGodandlivedhislifewithoutsin.Duringhislifetime,Jesusperformedandmanymiraclesandspoketomanypeopleabouthisfatherinheaven.Christiansbelievethatthesufferinganddeathuponthecrosswhichthissinlessmanenduredpaidforthesinsofallmankind.JesushimselfwouldpayforthesinsofallhumanitybybeingcrucifiedunjustlyonaRomancross.BecauseofJesus’actions,salvation（对人灵魂的拯救）canbeachievedbyanyonewhobelievesinhim.TheChristianCredendum(信条，教条）•1.TheTenCommandments（十戒）.InadditiontoI(God)shallhavenootherGodthanyou;notfortheirownsculptureandworshipidols;notmisusethenameoftheLordyourGod;whentheSabbathholy;ashonortheirparents;shallnotkill;Donotcommitadultery;Youshallnotsteal;falsetestimonycannotbeframed;theothersnotcovet（觊觎）yourneighbor'swifeandproperty.•十诫。除了我（上帝）以外你不可有别的神；不可为自己雕刻和敬拜偶像；不可妄称耶和华你上帝的名；当守安息日为圣日；当孝敬父母；不可杀人；不可奸淫；不可偷盗；不可作假证陷害人；不可贪恋别人妻子和财物。•2.Trinity（三位一体）.ThisisoneofthebasictenetsofChristianity.BelieveinGodonly,buttherearethreebitcell,thatistheFather-thecreatoroftheuniverseandtheAlmighty;theSon-JesusChrist,SonofGod,bytheremovalofGod,throughtheVirginMarywasbornashumanbeingstheIncarnation（化身）,andsubjecttodeath,Resurrection（复活）,heavenforthesalvationofallmankindwasboundtocomebacktotrytheworld;theHolySpirit-GodtheHolySpirit.Threeareonebody,therearethreedistinctpersons.•三位一体。这是基督教的基本信条之一。相信上帝唯一，但有三个「位格」，即圣父——天地万物的创造者和主宰；圣子——耶稣基督，上帝之子，受上帝之遣，通过童贞女玛利亚降生为人，道成肉身，并「受死」、「复活」、「升天」，为全人类作了救赎，必将再来，审判世人；圣灵——上帝圣灵。三者是一个本体，却有三个不同的位格。•3.Theletteroriginalsin（信原罪）.ThisisthebasisofChristianEthics,thathumanancestorsAdamandEvecommittedthecrimepassedtofuturegenerationstobecometherootofallhumanevil.Lifetohavethisoriginalsin,inadditiontoallkindsofviolationofthewillofGodcommitthecrime,peoplecannotself-rescue,butalsodependonthesalvationofJesusChrist.Thus,theoriginalsinthatlaterevolvedintotheWesternguiltculture,forEuropeandtheUnitedStatesthepsychologicalandsocialvaluesfar-reaching.•信原罪。这是基督教伦理道德观的基础，认为人类的祖先亚当和夏娃因偷食禁果犯的罪传给了后代子孙，成为人类一切罪恶的根源。人生来就有这种原罪，此外还有违背上帝意志而犯种种「本罪」，人不能自我拯救，而要靠耶稣基督的救赎。因而，因而，原罪说以后逐渐发展为西方的「罪感文化」，对欧美人的心理及价值观念影响深远。•4.Thelettersalvation（信救赎）.HumansduetosinandthisoffensecouldnotgetthemselvestorelyonGodsenthisonlySonJesusChristtoearthtomakesacrifices,andbecomearansomGodmadehumanbeingstorepaydebts,thussavingmankind.•信救赎。人类因有原罪和本罪而无法自救，要靠上帝派遣其独生子耶稣基督降世为人做牺牲，成为「赎价」，作了人类偿还上帝的债项，从而拯救了全人类。•5.JustificationbyFaith(因信称义）.Withfaithyoucangetsalvationofmankind,anditisanecessaryconditiontobecomerighteousbeforeGod.•因信称义。人类凭信仰就可得救赎，而且这是在上帝面前成为义人的必要条件。•6.Lettertoheavenandeternallife.Person'slifeislimited,butthehumansoulwillberebornbecauseoftheirbeliefs,andmayhavebeenGod'ssalvationandeternallife,inGod'scountry-heavenReedYongfu.•信天国和永生。人的生命是有限的，但人的灵魂会因信仰而重生，并可得上帝的拯救而获永生，在上帝的国——天国里得永福。•7.Lettertohell,andneverpunished（信地狱和永罚）.Humanbeingswhodon'tbelieve,orwhorefusedtorepent,Godwouldbeapermanentpenalty,tolanguishinhell.•信地狱和永罚。人若不信或不思悔改，就会受到上帝的永罚，要在地狱里受煎熬。•8.Theletterendoftheworld（信末世）.Ibelievethatwhentheendoftheworld,humanbeings,includingthosewhodiedbeforeGodwillacceptthefinaltrial,innocentpeoplewillenterheaven,whiletheguiltywillgotohell.•信末世。相信在世界末日之时，人类包括死去的人都将在上帝面前接受最后的审判，无罪的人将进入天堂，而有罪者将下地狱。distribution•JesuswasborninJerusalem(耶路撒冷）,Jerusalemisthecradle（发源地）ofChristianity.•Christianityistheworldlargestnumberofreligiousfaith.ChristianformedinwesternAsia,atpresentmainlydistributedinEurope,AmericaandAustralia.返回Bible•ChristianclassicisBible.BibleisaccountsofGod'srevelation,istheChristianGeneralprinciplesoffaithandlifeskillsstandards,istheeternaltruth.返回•Theinfluencetothewest•Christi