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动词不定式的被动语态一、复习各种时态的被动语态★被动语态的基本结构:be+done以thebook,publish为例：一般现在/过去时：Thebook_______________________________.一般/过去将来时:Thebook_________________________________.Thebook__________________________________.现在/过去进行时：Thebook___________________________________.现在/过去完成时:Thebook_____________________________________.情态动词：Thebook_____________________________________.二：动词不定式的被动语态1.动词不定式的被动语态有两种形式：1）一般式（not/never）tobedone2）完成式(not/never)tohavebeendone（表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前）2.动词不定式的被动语态在句子中的作用1）做主语（常用it做形式主语）Tobeofferedsympathybyarobotisridiculous.(或者：____________________________________________________)被邀请参加这个亚运会开幕式，是一大荣幸。__________________________________________________________________2）做表语ThepartyistobeheldnextSaturdayevening.明年，这种新药将在500个过度肥胖的人上进行试验。_________________________________________________________________3）做宾语Shedidn’tliketobetreatedasachild.Hepretendedtohavebeenbeatenbyhisstep-father..这位职员不希望被她的顾客嘲笑。__________________________________________________________________4）做宾语补足语Tonyexpectedthehousetobecompletelytransformed.这个残疾的孩子希望由这个主建筑师来设计这座电影院。_________________________________________________________________5）做定语Whatavictorytobeenviedbythosewomen!英国人对即将在伦敦举行的奥运会感到骄傲。__________________________________________________________________6）做状语AllthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediatelysoastobereceivedintimeforChristmas.他匆忙赶到订票处（bookingoffice）却被告知所有的票都卖完了。________________________________________________________________3.在下列情况中用不定式的主动形式表示被动意思。1)不定式作后置定语，与被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，但又与该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时Hehasnothingtoeat.(分析：eat(动→nothing宾/he主→eat谓)Iwillgiveyouabooktoread.(分析：_____动→____宾/_____主→_____谓)这个优雅的女人有事情要宣布。_______________________________________________________________★注意：若句子的主语并非不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式则必须用被动式比较：Ihavealotofletterstotype.(我有很多信件要打印：Iwilltypetheletter)Ihavealotofletterstobetyped.(意思为：Igetsb.totypetheletter)I’llgotoNewYork.Haveyouanything__________(take)toyourwifethere?Doyouhaveanyclothes_____________(wash),sir?”askedthemaidIcannotgooutnowasIhavealotofclothes_____________(wash)2)在“主语+表语（形容词）todo”中，主语也是不定式的逻辑宾语,即不定式动词和主语之间是动宾关系。Thisquestioniseasytoanswer.（分析：answer(动)------thisquestion（宾））★注意：如果动词为不及物动词，则要注意介词的搭配。Johnisdifficulttodealwith.（分析：_________(动)----____________(宾)）这扶手椅坐起来很舒服。____________________________________________这题目很难算出来。_____________________________________________3.Therebe结构中，用不定式的主动和被动式来修饰主语，区别不大。Thereisalotofworktodo/tobedone.(多用主动形式)没有什么可担心的。_______________________________________________练习一、填空.(请用todo,tobedoing,tohavedone,tobedone,tohavebeendone)1.Itwilltakeseveralweeksforyourcomputerto___________________(repair)2.Iknewhim_____________________(catch)bythepolice.3.Avoteisrequired_____________________(take)inourcompanyatonce.4.Thismakesitpossibleforthem________(make)metalsintoanyrequiredshapes5.Dickspedonthemotorwayonly_______________(fine)6.Whensomemoneywentmissingfromthebank,Thomaswasbelieved__———____________________(steal)it.7.Thebookissaidto______________________(translate)intoseverallanguages.8.Ifeelgreatlyhonored__________________(welcome)intotheirsociety.9.Comeon!Itisaneasysentence________________(translate).10.WhenIcamein,hepretendedto____________________.(read)11.Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately______________________(receive)intimeforChristmas.12.MrsSmithwarnedherdaughter______________(notdrive)afterdrinking.13.Hearingthegoodnews,hewastooexcited_______________(speak).14.Ithappened____________________(rain)whenIgotthere.15.Iamterriblysorry_________________(lose)yourkey.16.Iamsorry_____________(say)thatheisgoingfrombadtoworse.17.Heasked______________(send)totheplacewherehewasmostneeded.18.Whathehopedwas____________________(admit)intotheuniversity19.Hegottothestationonly____________(find)alltheticketshadbeensoldout.20.Iamsorry___________________(keep)youwaitingsolong.21.Ontheirreturnthefatheraskedhisson_________(explain)whathehadlearnt.22..Myadvisorencouragedme_________(take)asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.23.3.Idon’tknowwhetheryouhappen_________________(hear),butI’mgoingtostudyintheU.S.AthisSeptember.24.4.Thefluisbelieved___________(cause)byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.25.Heseems_______________（punish)byhisteacheryesterday.26.__________(save)thebadlysicklady,thedoctorhadanoperationonher.27.Hewastoofrightened_____(say)anything.28.Theschoolorderedalltheclassroom__________(clean).29.Mygrandmotherseemstohavealot____________(worry)about.30.Iamgoingtothepostoffice.Doyouhaveanyletter_______________(post)?31.Youareluckyenough____________________(notcatch)intherain.二：翻译练习1.据说这会议已经被取消了2.这个学生似乎已经对政治失去了兴趣。3.残疾人不喜欢被别人嘲笑。4.没有可以可以浪费的时间了。5.能被邀请进这个英语俱乐部，是一大荣幸。6.她假装没有听懂我说的话。7.我希望被中山大学录取。8.很抱歉，我忘记了你的电话号码了。