美国文学Robert-Frost课件

RobertFrostwasagreatpoetwhowasbornonMarch26,1874inSanFrancisco,California.ThoughborninAmerica,hecameofNewEnglandstock(血统),hisancestorsforninegenerationsbeingNewEnglandersandlivinginLowell,Massachusetts（洛厄尔马萨诸塞州）.WhenRobertwas11hisfatherdied,andthefamilymovedtoMassachusettsinNewEnglandwherehismothertaughttoearnaliving.Aftergraduatingfromhighschool,FrosthadstudiedatDartmouthCollege（达特茅斯学院）(in1893),butremainedlessthan1semester.ReturningtoMassachusetts,hetaughtschoolandworkedinamillandasanewspaperreporter.In1895hemarriedElinorWhite,whobecameamajorinspirationinhispoetry,andthenthenewlywedscontinuedtoteach,whichFrostalwaysenjoyed.In1900ElliotdiedofcholeraIn1907ElinorBettinadiedjustonedayafterbirthIn1934hisbeloveddaughterMarjoriediedafterthebirthofherfirstchildIn1938hiswifeElinordiedofaheartattack.In1940Carolcommittedsuicide.Frost,hiswifeElinorandtheirchildren:Afterhismarriage,FroststudiedatHarvardUniversityinCambridge,Massachusetts(1897~1899),butleftwithoutreceivingadegreeduetofamilyproblemsandpoorhealth.Thiswasnodoubtanimportantperiodinhisdevelopment,forhewasdistinctlyandalmostexclusivelythepoetoftheNewEnglandcountrysideandcountrypeople.In1900,hisgrandfatherboughthimafarminNewHampshire(新罕布什尔州)fromwhichhewrested(费力地取得)aliving，supplementedbyteaching,for12years.In1912,attheageof38,Frostdecidedtotrytomakeanewstart.HesoldthefarmandusedtheproceedstotakehisfamilytoEngland,wherehebecameacquaintedwiththeF.S.Flint,EdwardThomas,andEzraPound,whocalledFrost’spoems“moderngeorgics(田园诗).Fortunatelyhehadhisfirsttwovolumesofverse,ABoy’sWill《孩子的意愿》(forwhichhegotareviewfromthefamousAmericanexpatriate(移居外国的)poetEzraPound),andNorthofBoston《波士顿以北》publishedinLondonwiththehelpofEzraPound.In1915FrostcamebacktotheUnitedStates.WhiledevotinghimselftopoetryhetaughtatAmherstCollege(阿默斯特)tosupporthimself.Hisfamewassteadilyontheincrease,hepublishedasuccessionofbooks:MountainInterval《山间》,NewHampshire《新罕布什尔》，West-RunningBrook《西去的溪流》,CollectedPoems《诗歌全集》etc.In1920,Frostbought‘StoneHouse’(nowamuseum)inSouthShaftsbury,Vermont.Frostlivedtherefrom1920to1929.TherehewrotemanyofthepoemscontainedinhisfourthcollectionofpoetryNewHampshire《新罕布什尔》(1923)whichwonhimthePulitzerPrizeforPoetryin1923.In1930hewaselectedtotheAmericanAcademyofArtsandLetters.Afterthedeathofhiswife(in1938),FrostbecamestronglyattractedtoKayMorrison,whomheemployedashissecretaryandadviser.Frostalsocomposedforheroneofhisfinestlovepoems,‘AWitnessTree’《见证树》.In1958hewasmadepoetryconsultantfortheLibraryofCongress.Whenhewasasoldaseighty-seven,twoyearsbeforehisdeath,hewaschosentoreadoneofhispoems,“TheGiftOutright”(1942)attheinauguration（就职典礼）ofthelatePresidentJohnF.Kennedy.RobertFrostdiedonthe29thofJanuary1963inBoston,Massachusetts.HeliesburiedinthefamilyplotintheOldBenningtonCemeterybehindtheOldFirstCongregationalChurchnearShaftsbury,Vermont.Hisgravestonereads‘IHadALover’sQuarrelWithTheWorld’.In1961hewasinvitedtoreadhispoetryattheinauguration(就职典礼)ofPresidentJohnF.Kennedy.”TheGiftOutright”《全才》AtthetimeofhisdeathonJanuary29,1963,Frostwasconsideredasakindofunofficialpoetlaureate(桂冠诗人)oftheUS.Ihadalover’squarrelwiththeworld.我和这个世界有过情人般的争吵。SomefamouspoemsTheRoadNotTaken《未选择的路》StoppingByWoodsonaSnowyEvening《雪夜林边驻脚》FireandIce《火与冰》MendingWall《补墙》NothingGoldCanStay《美景易逝》TheBirches《白桦树》TheBooksofPoetryNewHampshire《新罕布什尔》CollectedPoems《诗歌精选》AFurtherRange《又一片牧场》AWitnessTree《见证树》LiterarystyleFrost’spoemsshowdeepappreciationofnaturalworldandsensibilityaboutthehumanaspirations.Alltheimages(woods,stars,houses)heusesreflectthepoet’slovefornatureandlife,hissadexperienceinlifeandtheinfluencereligionexerteduponwesternpeople’sdailylife.Heisapoetofprofoundsimplicity(朴素).Hedidnotwritefreeversebutinthetraditionalmetrical(韵律的)forms---rhymedstanzasandblankverse.Heusedtheoldformsinanewway.Hispoeticlanguagewasplain,clearlyconveyingafeelinginharmonywithnature.Heseemeduniversallycalmandcontrolled,standinginthemiddleoftheroadviewinggoodandevil,beautifulandugly.Inhisview,apoem“beginsindelightandendsinwisdom”.诗要“兴于喜悦，而终于彻悟”RobertFrostisaverytalentedinspiringwriterandhispoetryisenjoyabletoread.Hisuseofrhymeschemekeepsthepoetryupbeatandeasytoread.Itsayshewasnotafanoffreeversepoemsandhekepttotheoriginalwayhewrotehispoetryanddidnotchangetomakeothershappy.HeusedhisownviewsandownstyleofSymbolismandcreativitytomakethepoemsthatarefamoustothisday.Hetravelledin1962intheSovietUnion(苏联)asamemberofagoodwillgroupFrostwashonoredfrequentlyduringhislifetime,becausehewastheonlypoetwhoawardedthePulitzerPrizefourtimes:1923,NewHampshire(1923)1931,hisCollectedPoems(1930)1937,AFurtherRange(1936)1943,AWitnessTree(1942)Homeistheplacewhere,whenyouhavetogothere,theyhavetotakeyouin.家就是永远向游子敞开大门的地方。——RobertFrostPoetryiswhatgetslostintranslation.诗意即翻译过程中失去的东西。——RobertFrostNotearsinthewriter,notearsinthereader.作家不流泪读者没流泪——RobertFrost